Flashcards in Combank 3 Deck (64):
1
Name the two causative agents of tinea capitis and state which one fluoresces under wood light.
Microsporidium canis and Trichophyton tonsurons; Microsporidium canis fluoresces under wood light
2
Name this fungus - dimorphic fungus, part of normal skin flora in some, exists both as mold form and lipophilic yeast; known as spaghetti and meatballs
Malassezia furfur
3
What agents are used to treat Malassezia furfur?
topical ketoconazole or selenium sulfide
4
Name the fungus - dimorphic fungus that causes systemic disease, presents a severe pneumonia and skin ulcerations
Blastomyces dermatitidis
5
What is Blastomyces dermatitidis treated with?
itraconazole
6
Name the bacterium: gram positive, rod shaped, anaerobic, sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
7
What is actinomyces israelii treated with?
penicillin G
8
What is Trichophyton tonsurans treated with?
griseofulvin or terbinafine
9
What should you suspect as the cause of tinea capitis if an African American child presents with patchy hair loss which leaves black dots on the scalp?
Trichophyton tonsurans
10
Name the bacterium: gram positive filamentous bacteria, partially acid fast, STRICT AEROBE, produces abscesses in the lungs
Nocardia asteroides
11
DOC for Actinomyces israelii
Penicillin
12
Treatment of choice for Nocardia asteroides
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
13
What is the treatment of choice for Coxiella burnetii
Doxycycline
14
What is the treatment of choice for Bordetella pertussis?
Erythromycin
15
Aminoglycosides are used on what type of gram stained infections?
severe gram negative infections
16
T/F Aminoglycosides are ineffective against anaerobes
T
17
Name some other catalase positive bacteria other than staph
Serratia, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces (most), Candida, E. coli
18
In staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome does the bullae contain organisms?
NO
19
In bullous impetigo (a localized form of staph scalded skin syndrome) does the fluid filled blisters contain bacteria?
YES
20
How does the cholera toxin work?
stimulates a stimulatory G protein in order to increase adenylate cyclase, this causes the release of more chloride into the gut lumen and the decreased resorption of sodium. Resulting electrolyte imbalance leads to loss of water from cells
21
How does pertussis toxin work?
inhibits an inhibitory G protein, leading to increased intracellular cAMP
22
How does the AB toxin of Vibrio cholerae work?
ADP ribosylates a stimulatory G protein, this turns the stimulatory G protein on, leading to rice water stools
23
Both Shigella and EHEC produces a toxin that ..
inactivates 60s ribosomes, leading to decreased protein synthesis of the host cell
24
How does the Clostridium tetani toxin called tetanospasmin work?
blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine leading to spastic muscle paralysis
25
Which two bacteria both produce toxins that ADP ribosylates elongation factor-2 causing inactivation of this enzyme, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis and death?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
26
What causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis?
Naegleria fowleri (protozoa)
27
This is a dimorphic, lipophilic, fungal organism
Malassezia furfur
28
Symptoms caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
urgency, frequency, dysuria, watery discharge, if left untreated can lead to PID
29
Gonorrhea typically presents which what type of discharge?
Mucopurulent discharge
30
Most common cause of bacterial vaginosis
Gardnerella vaginalis
31
What is used to treat Gardnerella vaginalis?
Metronidazole
32
What type of discharge does Gardnerella vaginalis cause?
Malodorous discharge
33
secondary syphilis causes what kind of rash?
copper colored maculopapular rash on the trunk, palms and soles
34
What two organisms are obligate intracellar organisms?
Rickettsiae and Chlamydia
35
What family is the poliovirus in?
Picornavirus family - single stranded, linear RNA virus
36
A family of double stranded linear RNA viruses with icosahedral capsules
Reovirus
37
A family of double stranded circular DNA viruses with icosahedral capsules, includes JC and BK viruses
Polyomavirus family
38
Family of viruses that includes the influenza virus; they are single stranded linear RNA viruses
Orthomyxovirus family
39
Family of viruses that California encephalitis and Hantavirus belong to
Bunyavirus
40
How does Brucellosis commonly present?
undulating fever, profuse sweating, joint pain
41
What is the vector for loa loa?
Deer fly
42
What is the DOC for Onchocerciasis?
Ivermectin
43
What family of virus does rotavirus belong to?
Reovirus - double stranded linear segmented RNA virus
44
The only dimorphic fungus that presents with hilar and mediastinal adenopathy
Histoplasma capsulatum
45
The primary cause of subacute endocarditis in patients with dental caries and gingivitis
Streptococcus mutans
46
How is Coxsackie B virus aquired?
fecal oral route
47
Coxsackie B is in what family of viruses?
Picornaviruses - non enveloped
48
A fastidious gram negative rod that is part of the HACEK group of organisms; normal flora of the GI tract; bleach like odor
Eikenella corrodens
49
Cigar shaped budding yeasts match the description of what organism?
Sporothrix schenckii
50
A skin infection that causes verrucous and plaque-like lesions after traumatic inoculation (contracted in Africa, South America)
Chromoblastomycosis
51
Hepatitis virus that is most commonly associated with infection due to IV drug abuse
Hepatitis C
52
Patients who have recovered from hepatitis will have what in circulation?
HBcAb-IgG and HBsAb
53
Presence of IgG antibody to the core antigen of hepatitis B indicates (HBcAb-IgG) ...
Patient had been infected with HBV
54
Presence of the antibody to the HBV surface antigen (HBsAb) indicates ...
Patient has mounted an immune response to the virus and is now immune
55
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive; negative for HBsAg antibody (HBsAb); IgM antibodies against core antigen of HBV (HBcAb-IgM) present
Acute Hepatitis B infection
56
HBsAg has disappeared but HBsAb is not yet detectable
Window period
57
Positive core IgG antibodies (HBcAb-IgG); will not have HBcAb-IgM
Chronic carrier of hepatitis B
58
Chronic active carrier state of Hepatitis B
presence of HBeAg, indicates active viral replication
59
Chronic passive carrier state of Hepatitis B
presence of antibodies to HBeAg (HBeAb)
60
Have only a positive antibody to the surface antigen (HBsAb) - vaccine only contains HBsAg
Vaccinated against HBV
61
What is the only way to get HBcAb and HBsAg?
by being exposed to the virus
62
What is the 2nd most common cause of vaginitis after bacterial vaginitis as #1?
Candida albicans
63
What are risk factors for vaginitis caused by candida albicans?
diabetes, pregnancy, recent treatment with antibiotics
64