Combank 3

Question 1

Name the two causative agents of tinea capitis and state which one fluoresces under wood light.

Answer 1

Microsporidium canis and Trichophyton tonsurons; Microsporidium canis fluoresces under wood light

Question 2

Name this fungus - dimorphic fungus, part of normal skin flora in some, exists both as mold form and lipophilic yeast; known as spaghetti and meatballs

Answer 2

Malassezia furfur

Question 3

What agents are used to treat Malassezia furfur?

Answer 3

topical ketoconazole or selenium sulfide

Question 4

Name the fungus - dimorphic fungus that causes systemic disease, presents a severe pneumonia and skin ulcerations

Answer 4

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 5

What is Blastomyces dermatitidis treated with?

Answer 5

itraconazole

Question 6

Name the bacterium: gram positive, rod shaped, anaerobic, sulfur granules

Answer 6

Actinomyces israelii

Question 7

What is actinomyces israelii treated with?

Answer 7

penicillin G

Question 8

What is Trichophyton tonsurans treated with?

Answer 8

griseofulvin or terbinafine

Question 9

What should you suspect as the cause of tinea capitis if an African American child presents with patchy hair loss which leaves black dots on the scalp?

Answer 9

Trichophyton tonsurans

Question 10

Name the bacterium: gram positive filamentous bacteria, partially acid fast, STRICT AEROBE, produces abscesses in the lungs

Answer 10

Nocardia asteroides

Question 11

DOC for Actinomyces israelii

Answer 11

Penicillin

Question 12

Treatment of choice for Nocardia asteroides

Answer 12

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Question 13

What is the treatment of choice for Coxiella burnetii

Answer 13

Doxycycline

Question 14

What is the treatment of choice for Bordetella pertussis?

Answer 14

Erythromycin

Question 15

Aminoglycosides are used on what type of gram stained infections?

Answer 15

severe gram negative infections

Question 16

T/F Aminoglycosides are ineffective against anaerobes

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Name some other catalase positive bacteria other than staph

Answer 17

Serratia, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces (most), Candida, E. coli

Question 18

In staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome does the bullae contain organisms?

Answer 18

NO

Question 19

In bullous impetigo (a localized form of staph scalded skin syndrome) does the fluid filled blisters contain bacteria?

Answer 19

YES

Question 20

How does the cholera toxin work?

Answer 20

stimulates a stimulatory G protein in order to increase adenylate cyclase, this causes the release of more chloride into the gut lumen and the decreased resorption of sodium. Resulting electrolyte imbalance leads to loss of water from cells

Question 21

How does pertussis toxin work?

Answer 21

inhibits an inhibitory G protein, leading to increased intracellular cAMP

Question 22

How does the AB toxin of Vibrio cholerae work?

Answer 22

ADP ribosylates a stimulatory G protein, this turns the stimulatory G protein on, leading to rice water stools

Question 23

Both Shigella and EHEC produces a toxin that ..

Answer 23

inactivates 60s ribosomes, leading to decreased protein synthesis of the host cell

Question 24

How does the Clostridium tetani toxin called tetanospasmin work?

Answer 24

blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine leading to spastic muscle paralysis

Question 25

Which two bacteria both produce toxins that ADP ribosylates elongation factor-2 causing inactivation of this enzyme, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis and death?

Answer 25

Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 26

What causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis?

Answer 26

Naegleria fowleri (protozoa)

Question 27

This is a dimorphic, lipophilic, fungal organism

Answer 27

Malassezia furfur

Question 28

Symptoms caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 28

urgency, frequency, dysuria, watery discharge, if left untreated can lead to PID

Question 29

Gonorrhea typically presents which what type of discharge?

Answer 29

Mucopurulent discharge

Question 30

Most common cause of bacterial vaginosis

Answer 30

Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 31

What is used to treat Gardnerella vaginalis?

Answer 31

Metronidazole

Question 32

What type of discharge does Gardnerella vaginalis cause?

Answer 32

Malodorous discharge

Question 33

secondary syphilis causes what kind of rash?

Answer 33

copper colored maculopapular rash on the trunk, palms and soles

Question 34

What two organisms are obligate intracellar organisms?

Answer 34

Rickettsiae and Chlamydia

Question 35

What family is the poliovirus in?

Answer 35

Picornavirus family - single stranded, linear RNA virus

Question 36

A family of double stranded linear RNA viruses with icosahedral capsules

Answer 36

Reovirus

Question 37

A family of double stranded circular DNA viruses with icosahedral capsules, includes JC and BK viruses

Answer 37

Polyomavirus family

Question 38

Family of viruses that includes the influenza virus; they are single stranded linear RNA viruses

Answer 38

Orthomyxovirus family

Question 39

Family of viruses that California encephalitis and Hantavirus belong to

Answer 39

Bunyavirus

Question 40

How does Brucellosis commonly present?

Answer 40

undulating fever, profuse sweating, joint pain

Question 41

What is the vector for loa loa?

Answer 41

Deer fly

Question 42

What is the DOC for Onchocerciasis?

Answer 42

Ivermectin

Question 43

What family of virus does rotavirus belong to?

Answer 43

Reovirus - double stranded linear segmented RNA virus

Question 44

The only dimorphic fungus that presents with hilar and mediastinal adenopathy

Answer 44

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 45

The primary cause of subacute endocarditis in patients with dental caries and gingivitis

Answer 45

Streptococcus mutans

Question 46

How is Coxsackie B virus aquired?

Answer 46

fecal oral route

Question 47

Coxsackie B is in what family of viruses?

Answer 47

Picornaviruses - non enveloped

Question 48

A fastidious gram negative rod that is part of the HACEK group of organisms; normal flora of the GI tract; bleach like odor

Answer 48

Eikenella corrodens

Question 49

Cigar shaped budding yeasts match the description of what organism?

Answer 49

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 50

A skin infection that causes verrucous and plaque-like lesions after traumatic inoculation (contracted in Africa, South America)

Answer 50

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 51

Hepatitis virus that is most commonly associated with infection due to IV drug abuse

Answer 51

Hepatitis C

Question 52

Patients who have recovered from hepatitis will have what in circulation?

Answer 52

HBcAb-IgG and HBsAb

Question 53

Presence of IgG antibody to the core antigen of hepatitis B indicates (HBcAb-IgG) ...

Answer 53

Patient had been infected with HBV

Question 54

Presence of the antibody to the HBV surface antigen (HBsAb) indicates ...

Answer 54

Patient has mounted an immune response to the virus and is now immune

Question 55

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive; negative for HBsAg antibody (HBsAb); IgM antibodies against core antigen of HBV (HBcAb-IgM) present

Answer 55

Acute Hepatitis B infection

Question 56

HBsAg has disappeared but HBsAb is not yet detectable

Answer 56

Window period

Question 57

Positive core IgG antibodies (HBcAb-IgG); will not have HBcAb-IgM

Answer 57

Chronic carrier of hepatitis B

Question 58

Chronic active carrier state of Hepatitis B

Answer 58

presence of HBeAg, indicates active viral replication

Question 59

Chronic passive carrier state of Hepatitis B

Answer 59

presence of antibodies to HBeAg (HBeAb)

Question 60

Have only a positive antibody to the surface antigen (HBsAb) - vaccine only contains HBsAg

Answer 60

Vaccinated against HBV

Question 61

What is the only way to get HBcAb and HBsAg?

Answer 61

by being exposed to the virus

Question 62

What is the 2nd most common cause of vaginitis after bacterial vaginitis as #1?

Answer 62

Candida albicans

Question 63

What are risk factors for vaginitis caused by candida albicans?

Answer 63

diabetes, pregnancy, recent treatment with antibiotics

Question 64

What type of discharge does Trichomonas vaginalis cause?

Answer 64

thick, frothy, greenish, foul-smelling discharge