Common Conditions of the Eyes & Ears: Glaucoma

Question 1

Which is more sensitive? the eyes or the ears?

Answer 1

the eyes

Question 2

Eye drops can be used in the ear

Or

Ear drops can be used in the eye

which is correct?

Answer 2

Eye drops can be used in the ear, ear drops can NEVER be used in the eye.

*due to pH & isotonicity

Question 3

AD

Answer 3

right ear

A= ear
O= oculus/eye
D=dextra=right
S=sinistra=left

Question 4

AS

Answer 4

left ear

Question 5

AU

Answer 5

each ear

Question 6

OD

Answer 6

right eye

Question 7

OS

Answer 7

left eye

Question 8

OU

Answer 8

each eye

Question 9

1 drop = ?mL

Answer 9

1 drop = 0.05mL

Question 10

This disease of the eye results in damage to the optic nerve and loss of the visual field - measured by the visual field test

Answer 10

gluacoma

Question 11

In glaucoma, is the IOP above? or below?

Answer 11

above normal range - 12-22mmHg

Question 12

What is the more common type of glaucoma?

Answer 12

open=angle glaucoma - treated with eye drops that lower IOP or surgery

Question 13

What type of glaucoma is a medical emergency?

Answer 13

closed-angle - sharp sudden increase in IOP due to a blockage, treated surgically

Question 14

Glaucoma treatments decrease IOP by targeting what?

Answer 14

the aqueous humor (fluid in the eye)

Question 15

In glaucoma, what is the initial treatment?

Answer 15

PG analogs

Question 16

What is the most effective treatment in decreasing IOP ~30%, they are safe and used once daily

Answer 16

PG analogs

Question 17

What drug decreases IOP ~22% and is preferred if the pressure is high in one eye only?

Answer 17

beta-blocker

Question 18

What drugs can increase IOP?

Answer 18

anticholinergics (oxybutinin, tolerodine, benztropine, TCAs)

cough, cold, and motion sickness medications

chronic steroids, especially eye drops - predinsolone

topiramate

Question 19

These drugs decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production (make less fluid)

Answer 19

beta-blockers, timolol

Question 20

these drugs decrease IOP by increasing aqueous humor outflow (move fluid out)

Answer 20

PG analogs, like latanoprost

Question 21

These drugs decrease IOP by decrease IOP by reducing aqueous humor production (make less fluid) & decrease IOP by increasing aqueous humor outflow (move fluid out)

Answer 21

alpha-2 agonists, like brimonidine (often add-on treatment)

Question 22

bimatoprost

latanoprost

travoprost

what drug class?

Answer 22

PG analogs

Question 23

Brand: Lumigan

Answer 23

generic: bimatoprost

Question 24

Brand: Xalatan, Xelpros

Answer 24

generic:
latanoprost

+netarsudil (Rocklatan)

Question 25

Brand: Travatan Z

Answer 25

generic: travopost

Question 26

This PG analog is indicated for eyelash hypotrichosis to increase eyelash growth-- NOT for use with PG analogs indicated for glaucoma

Answer 26

bimatoprost (Latisse)

Question 27

How do you use PG analogs?

Answer 27

1 drop QHS

Question 28

What are the warnings of PG analogs?

Answer 28

darkening of the iris, eyelash length and number can increase

Question 29

Which PG should be refrigerated before opening, and then once opened can be stored at room temperature?

Answer 29

latanoprost

Question 30

What beta blockers are used in glaucoma>

Answer 30

timolol 0.25% and 0.5% | Betaxolol

Question 31

How do you use timolol?

Answer 31

1 drop daily or BID - the gel is once daily (shake once, wast 10 mins before administering)

Question 32

all beta-blockers are non-selective except

Answer 32

betaxolol

Question 33

What are the side effects of using BB eye drops?

Answer 33

burning stinging bradycardia/fatigue bronchospasm with non-selective agents

Question 34

Carbachol pilocarpine what drug class?

Answer 34

cholinergics (miotics) *pupil CONSTRICTION

Question 35

dorzalomide brinzolamide acetazolamide

Answer 35

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 36

Dorzalomide + timolol (Cosopt, Cosopt PF) how do you use?

Answer 36

1 drop bID

Question 37

Which drops have a sulfonamide allergy?

Answer 37

the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors