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NAPLEX 21 > HTN > Flashcards

HTN Flashcards

1
Q

BP assessments should be based on an average of

A

at least two readings on two separate occassions

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2
Q

HTN stage one is defined as

A

130-139 OR 80-89

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3
Q

HTN stage two is defined as

A

> 140 or >90

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4
Q

When to start treatment?

A

stage 2

stage 1 + clinical CVD + 10 year ASCVD >10%

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5
Q

What is the BP goal?

A

<130/80

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6
Q

Initial drug selection for non-blacks

A

thiazide

CCB

ACE/ARB

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7
Q

initiatal drug selection for blacks

A

thiazide or CCB

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8
Q

initial drug selection for CKD all races

A

ACE or ARB

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9
Q

initial drug selection for diabetes with albuminuria all races

A

ACE or ARB

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10
Q

When do you initiate 2 first line drugs?

A

in stage 2 when average is >150/90

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11
Q

What is first line treatment in pregnancy?

A

labetalol

nifedipine ER

methyldopa - less effective

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12
Q

Brand: Zestoretic

A

generic: lisinopril/hctz

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13
Q

Brand: hyzaar

A

generic: losartan/hctz

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14
Q

Brand: Benicar HCT

A

generic: olmesartan/hctz

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15
Q

Brand: Diovan HCT

A

generic: valsartan/hctz

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16
Q

Brand: Lotrel

A

generic: benazepril/amlodipine

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17
Q

Brand: Exforge

A

generic: valsartan/amlodipine

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18
Q

Brand: tenoretic

A

generic: atenolol/chlorthalidone

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19
Q

Brand: Ziac

A

generic: bisoprolol/hctz

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20
Q

Brand: Maxzide, Maxzide-25, Dyazide

A

generic: triamterene/hctz

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21
Q

________ inhibit sodium reabsorption in the DCT causing increased excretion of sodium, chloride, water and potassium

A

thiazides

SULFA DRUG

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22
Q

Side effects of thiazides

A

decrease K Mg and sodium

increased calcium, UA, LDL, TG, BG

photosensitivity

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23
Q

Dosing for chlorthalidone

A

12.5-25mg daily

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24
Q

dosing for hctz (microzide)

A

12.5-50mg daily

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25
thiazides + lithium -
thiazides decrease lithium renal clearance and increase risk of toxicity
26
these anti-hypertensive drugs inhibit Ca ions from entering vascular smooth muscle and myocardial cells; this causes peripheral arterial vasodilation
CCBs
27
Brand: Norvasc
generic: amlodipine
28
Brand: Cardene IV
generic: nicardipine IV
29
Brand: Adalat CC, Procardia XL
generic: nifedipine ER
30
side effects of CCBs
hypotension, peripheral edema, headache, flushing, palpitations, gingival hyperplasia
31
What is the drug of choice in pregnancy from CCB
nifedipine ER | also used in raynauds
32
Allergy to soybeans soy products or eggs contraindication to this CCB
clevidipine
33
Which are more selective for the myocardium? CCB or non DHP CCB?
non DHP CCB
34
brand: cardizem, Tiazac
generic: diltiazem
35
Brand: Calan SR
generic: verapamil
36
Brand: lotensin
generic: benazepril
37
Brand: Vasotec
generic: enalapril
38
Brand: prinivil, zestril
generic: lisinopril
39
Brand: accupril
generic: quinapril
40
Brand: Altace
generic: ramipril
41
What electrolyte should you monitor with ACEs?
potassium (hyperkalemia)
42
Brand: Avapro
generic: irbesartan
43
Brand: Cozaar
brand: losartan
44
Brand: Benicar
generic: olmesartan
45
Brand: Diovan
generic: valsartan
46
Which ARB can cause sprue like enteropathy (severe chronic diarrhea with substantial weight loss)
olmesartan
47
is there a washout period with entresto with ARBs?
no!
48
Brand: aldactone
generic: spirinolactone
49
Brand: Tenormin
generic: atenolol
50
Brand: Brevibloc
generic: esmolol | INJ
51
Brand: lopressor
generic: metoprolol tartrate
52
Brand: Toprol XL
generic: metoprolol succinate XL
53
Which BB should be taken with food?
oppressor and toprol XL | carvedilol (all forms)
54
What are the beta 1 selective drugs?
AMEBBA atenolol ``` metoprolol esmolol bisoprolol betaxolol acebutolol ```
55
Brand: bystolic
generic: nebivolol
56
Non selective BB
propranolol | nadalol
57
Brand: Corgard
generic: nadolol
58
Non selective BB and alpha 1 blockers
carvediolol | labetolol
59
coreg 3.125mg BIG = Coreg CR __mg daily
10mg
60
Beta 1 selective blocker with NO-dependent vasodilation
nebivolol
61
What is the brand name of clonidine used in ADHD
Kapvay
62
Brand: catapres
generic: clonidine
63
What are side effects of clonidine?
``` dry mouth somnolence fatigue dizziness constipation dec HR hyptotension ```
64
Which of the centrally-acting Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists have a risk of DILE?
methyldopa
65
how often do you apply the clonidine patch?
weekly
66
Which of the centrally-acting Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists have a risk of hemolytic anemia?
methyldopa | coombstest
67
brand name of guanfacine IR used for ADHD
intuniv
68
hydralazine side effects
peripheral edema headache/flushing palpitations reflex tachy **WARNING FOR DILE**
69
direct vasodilators
hydralazine, minoxidil
70
What is defined as hypertensive crisis?
BP >180/120
71
patient has acute target organ damage + BP >180/120. what is this called?
hypertensive emergency
72
Treatment for hypertensive emergency
IV meds | decrease BP by no MORE than 25% within the first hour, then if stable decrease to 160/100 in the next 2-6 hours
73
patient has no evidence of acute target organ damage but BP >180/120
hypertensive urgency
74
how do you treat hypertensive urgency?
ORAL meds | decrease BP gradually over 24-48 hours
75
What are the key hypertensive medications?
``` chlorothiazide clevidipine diltiazem enalaprilat esmolol hydralazine labetolol metoprolol tartrate nicardipine NTG nitroprusside propranolol verapamil ```
76
what anti-hypertensives leave a ghost tablet?
``` adalat CC (take on empty stomach) Procardia XL ```
77
Where do you apply the clonidine patch?
upper outer arm or chest

NAPLEX 21 (60 decks)

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