Construction Technology and Environmental Services Flashcards
(32 cards)
What statutory authorities did you liaise with for Bro Tathan to agree design solutions?
● NGED
● DCWW
What were the steps of the flowchart you produced for pinch points at Bro Tathan?
1) Spacing as specified (300mm edge to edge) to be maintained wherever possible.
2) Utilities spacing can be reduced to 300mm centre to centre where necessary and are to return to 300mm edge to edge as soon as possible.
3) Spare ducting orientation can be amended to 2no wide by 3no high where necessary and are to return to 3no wide by 2no high as soon as possible.
4) Spare ducting can be installed tight to Openreach chambers where necessary.
5) Openreach ducting can be installed tight to spare duct chambers where necessary.
6) If items 2 - 5 do not suitably resolve the spatial constraints, utilities spacing can be reduced to 200mm centre to centre where necessary and are to return to 300mm edge to edge as soon as possible.
7) Where a 200mm centre to centre spacing is not achievable HV / LV cables and potable water are to be ducted for the duration of the constrained area and are to return to 300mm edge to edge as soon as possible.
What is the depth and width of the utility trenches at Bro Tathan?
Up to 3m wide, up to 1.3m deep.
What is the Building Act 1984?
The Building Act 1984 (the Building Act) is the most wide-reaching law controlling building in England. It sets the enforcement powers. The Building Regulations 2010 (the Building Regulations) go into more detail about building work.
What is the Building Regulations 2010?
Set minimum standards for design and construction of buildings to ensure health, safety, and welfare. Supported by Approved Documents.
What are some of the Building Regulations Approved Documents?
A - Structure
B - Fire safety
F - Ventilation
K - Protection from falling, collision and impact
L - Conservation of fuel and power
M - Access to and use of buildings
O - Overheating
P - Electrical safety
What is the CIOB project lifecycle?
1) Identify
2) Assess
3) Define
4) Design
5) Implement
6) Validate
7) Operate
8) Retire
What is a substructure?
All elements of work below ground (below the damp proof course) upon which the superstructure is constructed.
What is the external envelope?
The materials and components that form the external shell or enclosure of a building.
What are British Standards?
Recommended minimum standards for materials, components, design and construction published by the British Standards Institute.
What are International Standards?
Publications issued by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO). Compatible and complement British Standards.
What is a superstructure?
All works above the damp proof course including:
● External walls
● Structural walls
● Stairs
● Roof
● Raised Floors
● Suspended ceilings
What are typical components of site investigation?
● Boundary hedges and fencing
● Trees
● Size, depth and location of existing services e.g. gas, comms, electricity, water, drainage
● Existing buildings
● Ground water conditions
● Soil investigations
● Trial pit information
What is the purpose of soil investigations?
Determine the suitability of the site for the proposed works e.g for foundation design.
What are the main site considerations?
● Access and egress
● Storage considerations
● Accommodation
● Temporary services
● Plant
● Fencing and hoarding
● H&S risks
What are temporary works?
Required to deliver the works but not part of the final product.
● Scaffolding
● Formwork
● Propping
● Temporary bridges
● Trench boxes
What temporary works are being used at Bro Tathan?
No requirement for trench boxes as excavations are not too deep and there is high level rock.
Formwork will be used for substation and LPG foundations.
What are the main components of concrete?
● Cement
● Aggregate (rock, crushed stone, gravel)
● Water
What types of foundation are there?
● Pile - columns inserted into the ground to transfer the load of a structure to a lower level of subsoil
● Strip - shallow continuations excavations to support perimeter and internal walls
● Raft - spread the load across a large area - good for low bearing soils
● Pad - isolated excavation to provide a base for RC or steel columns
What are advantages and disadvantages of steel frame buildings?
Advantages:
● Quick to assemble
● Recyclable
● Highest strength to weight ratio of all materials
● Not vulnerable to termites, fungi or organisms
● Consistent materiel quality
● Cheaper foundation as lighter than concrete
Disadvantages:
● Require fire protection
● Fixing components may need to be replaced over time
● Price of steel fluctuates
What are advantages and disadvantages of concrete frame buildings?
Advantages:
● Fire resistance
● Low maintenance requirements
● Good sound and heat insulation
Disadvantages:
● More time consuming to build than steel
● Complications during install due to weather (cold or wet)
● Heavy and often require larger foundation
● Steel reinforcement and associated price fluctuations
What are common components within steel frame construction?
● Beams
● Columns
● Purlins
● Rafters
● Base plate
● Bracings
● Fixings
What is RHS and SHS?
RHS - rectangular hollow section
SHS - square hollow sections
What is powder coating?
A coating applied to metals to provide protection and colour.
