CP: Lecture 4 Mood Flashcards by Megan H

mood =

long duration
not directed at an object
mostly have a biasing effect on cognition

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emotions=

short
directed at an object
bias cognition and action

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dus anxiety vs fear

anxiety = mood
fear = emotion

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2 theories of mood

feeling theory of mood
dispositional theory of mood

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feeling theory of moods =

moods are raw feelings, objectless.

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dispositional theory of mood

mood generates cognitions and mood-congruent appraisals

= being in a sad mood -> appraising situations as uncontrollable.
= being in an angry mood -> appraising situations as threatening

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wanneer is mood een probleem

als het significant distress/impairment geeft in areas of functioning

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2 poles of mood

Mania
Hypomania
Normal elation
Neutral/balanced mood
Normal sadness
Mild - moderate depression
Major depressive disorder

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male vs female MDD

male = 13 %
female = 24.4%

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totale mdd prevalentie in lifetime

18,7%

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dysthymia =

persistent depressive disorder
at least 2 years

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prevalence dysthymia=

1,3

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hoeveel % recovers within 12 months of MDD

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relapse rates / return to clinic for MDD

25-40% within 2 years
60% within 5 years
91% within 20 years

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MDD DSM 5 criteria

sad mood or loss of interest

plus 3 or more:
poor appetite+weight loss / increased appetite+weight gain
loss of energy
sleeping issues
psychomotor retardation or agitation
feelings of worthlessness
difficult concentrating
death or suicide thoughts

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persistent depressive dysorder

= combi dysthymia + chronic mdd

depressed mood for at least 2 years, more than half of the days

plus 2 symptoms:
hopelessness
sleeping to much or too little
eating changes
trouble concentrating
poor self esteem (Anders dan bij MDD)

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hoeveel heritability of unipolar mood disorders

37%

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2 biological explanations of unipolar depression

heritability 37%
serotonin/dopamine

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psychological explanations of unipolar depression

neuroticism
becks negative triad (negative views of the world -> negative views of future -> negative views of self -> world etc)
hopelessness
rumination (cycle of negative thinking, blijven hangen)

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social aspects of unipolar depression

expressed emotion
lower social competence

biological treatments MDD

SSRI, ECT

psychodynamic theory treatment

over losses

acceptance and mourning

behaviourism/learning

anhedonia

behavioural activation, activity scheduling (MOODFOOD)

cognitive therapies MDD

CT, MBCT, IPT

which ones have the most evidence

SSRI, ECT, CT, MBCT, IPT, CBT

MBCT =

a decentering exercise, meditation

welk process wordt getarget door cognitive therapy and behavioural activation bij mdd

situation -> automatic negative thoughts -> negative feelings <-> behaviour, doing nothing

what does cognitive therapy target

the automatic negative feelings: - identify - challenge - awareness

what does behavioural activation target

the behaviour: encourage rewarding activities via positive reinforcement

4 soorten therapy depression

1. psychoeducation 2. psychotherapies (all of them usually equally effective) 3. anti-depressants (only severe depression, there just as effective as psychotherapy) 4. intensification or electroconvulsive therapy

hoe heet het als je steeds een stukje verder gaat in treatment als de vorige niet werkt

stepped care

suicide numbers

* Men are 4 times more successful * 90% of those who attempt suicide have a psychological disorder * 50% ... have MDD * Untreated depression: 20% risk for suicide

neurobiological model of suicide

heritability: 48% serotonin low hyper HPA system

psychological models of suicide

problem-solving deficit hopelessness life satisfaction

social factors

economic recessions media reports of suicide social isolation

mdd treatment ...

effective, but high relapse levels

verschil duratie hypomania vs mania

hypomania = at least 4 days mania = 1 week or hospitalization

hypomania and mania beiden

a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood

extra symptoms mania/hypomania

at least 3: psychomotor agitation/goal directed talkative race of thoughts decreased need for sleep inflated self esteem risky activities distractability

alle verschillen hypomania vs mania

functioning: mania niet, hypomania wel hospitalization: mania wel, hypomania niet psychotic symptoms: alleen bij mania different from normal: bij beiden, maar bij mania meer difference clear for others: bij meiden, maar bij mania meer duration: mania = 1 wk, hypomania = 4 days

complete mania = diagnosis

bipolar 1

wat nodig voor bipolar 2

hypomania + MDD

some hypomanic symptoms + some depressive symptoms =

cyclothymic disorder

bipolar 1 disorder criteria A

at least one manic episode

biological explanantions bipolar

heritability = 93% (HEEL HOOG) serotonin/dopamine

psychological explanations bipolar

reward sensitivity -> excessive goal persuit

other explanations bipolar

major life event -> sleep deprivation (major risk factor)

medications treatment bipolar

mood stabilizing: lithium if untolerable: anticonvulsant (antiseizures) or antipsychotic

2 andere soorten therapie voor bipolar

psychoeducation cognitive therapy: focused on depression, problem solving, recognizing symptoms