CPA #20 Questions Flashcards
(57 cards)
define: molecular mimicry
occurs when infectious agent has an epitope that is very similar/identical to a self antigen; body produces antibodies (autoantibodies) which damage body tissue
define: autoimmune hemolytic anemia
type II hypersensitivity; produce antibodies against own RBCs
define: type 1 diabetes
immunological attack leading to loss of ability to produce insulin; aka juvenile-onset diabetes
define: graves disease
autoimmune response leading to stimulation of overproduction of glandular tissue in thyroid gland
define: multiple sclerosis
type IV hypersensitivity; cell-mediated immune response against bacteria or virus generating cytotoxic T cells that mistakenly attack and destroy myelin sheath that insulate brain and spinal cord
define: primary immunodeficiency disease
detectable at birth; develop in infants and young children; result of a genetic or developmental defect
define: secondary immunodeficiency disease
acquired; developed later in life as direct consequence of a secondary cause; malnutrition, severe stress, infectious disease
define: chronic granulomatous disease
ineffective phagocytes leading to uncontrolled infections
define: severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCIDs)
lack of T cells and B cells leading to lack of resistance to any type of infection, leading to rapid death
define: DiGeorge syndrome
non-developed thymus; lack T cells and thus no cell-mediated immunity leading to overwhelming viral infections
define: bruton-type agammaglobulinemia
lack of B cells and thus lack of antibodies leading to overwhelming bacterial infections
what does AIDS stand for?
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
why is AIDS considered a syndrome?
it is a group of signs, symptoms, and diseases with a common pathology
define: HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
what cells does HIV target?
CD4+ cells; helper T cells
what genomic material is in HIV?
ssRNA
define: reverse transcriptase
used by retroviruses to to make a DNA copy of own genome
list the 8 steps to HIV replication
- attachment
- entry
- uncoating
- synthesis of DNA
- integration
- synthesis of RNA
- release
- assembly and maturation
define: attachment (HIV)
attach to helper T cells, macrophage cells, smooth muscle cells, dendritic cells
define: entry (HIV)
triggers cells to endocytize the virus
define: uncoating (HIV)
viral envelope fuses with vesicle membrane and HIV capsid enters the cytosol
define: synthesis of DNA (HIV)
reverse transcriptase synthesis dsDNA
define: integration (HIV)
dsDNA enters nucleus and becomes part of human DNA
define: synthesis of DNA (HIV)
transcription of HIV genes to produce mRNA and multiple copies of viral ssRNA
