Crossword CPA #18

Question 1

type of immune response carried out by T cells

Answer 1

cell-mediated

Question 2

subsequent exposure to the same antigen from a pathogen that causes memory cells to respond quickly

Answer 2

secondary response

Question 3

cell-cell contact between immune cells that are strengthened by cytokines secreted by T helper cells

Answer 3

immunological synapse

Question 4

function of some antibodies; results in “clumping” when the antibody finds its correct antigen

Answer 4

agglutination

Question 5

ie. injection that forces the body to make antibodies to the injected antigen to ensure that the body can make and secrete those antibodies years later if exposed to pathogen that has those exact antigens

Answer 5

artificially acquired active immunity

Question 6

type of T cell that directly kills other cells; aka CD8

Answer 6

cytotoxic

Question 7

cells that form all blood cells including leukocytes

Answer 7

hematopoietic stem cells

Question 8

result in immunological memory and protection against future infections

Answer 8

active immune response

Question 9

the way a body removes ALL B and MOST T cells that react to “self” antigens (some T cells remain and become regulatory T cells); results in apoptosis

Answer 9

clonal deletion

Question 10

3D shapes of antigen segments that are what antibodies recognize and bind to

Answer 10

epitopes

Question 11

randomly formed and results in the billions of different types of T cells that can each react to a different foreign antigen when bound to MHC

Answer 11

TCR

Question 12

type of immune response carried out by B cells; aka antibody immune response

Answer 12

humoral

Question 13

type of antigens produced when microbes infect host cells

Answer 13

endogenous

Question 14

attribute of adaptive immunity; results in the ability to create multiple exact copies of particular immune cells

Answer 14

clonality

Question 15

type of T cell that coordinates B and T cell response; aka CD4

Answer 15

helper T cell

Question 16

there are 2 classes of these; class I is found on nucleated cells, class II is found on APC’s

Answer 16

MHC

Question 17

first exposure to pathogen in which small amounts of antibody are made

Answer 17

primary response

Question 18

ie. antibodies passes from mom to baby in womb or during breastfeeding; effective only from birth to first few months of life; body must learn how to make these antibodies later in development after antigen exposure

Answer 18

naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 19

function of some antibodies; attracts NK cells microbe which trigger apoptosis of microbe

Answer 19

ADCC

Question 20

cell suicide

Answer 20

apoptosis

Question 21

over 1000 of these are preset in the body; concentrated in neck, groin, armpit, and abdominal regions; location of most B and T cells

Answer 21

lymph nodes

Question 22

lymphocytes that mature in the red bone marrow; less than 15-30% of all lymphocytes in the blood

Answer 22

B cells

Question 23

part of MALT; located in small intestine

Answer 23

Peyers Patches

Question 24

type of T cell that prevents autoimmune diseases; aka suppressor T cells

Answer 24

regulatory T cells

Question 25

molecules on the outside of cells or secreted by cells that are recognized by antibodies

Answer 25

antigen

Question 26

type of leukocyte; include B and T cells

Answer 26

lymphocytes

Question 27

y-shaped molecule that contains two antigen-binding sites

Answer 27

antibody

Question 28

surveillance system that screens the body for foreign molecules; system has no pump, moves due to skeletal muscles and one way valves

Answer 28

lymphatic system

Question 29

lymphatic organs that trap microbes

Answer 29

tonsils

Question 30

ie. injection of antibodies to a particular pathogen; enables immediate action of injected antibodies (such as antitoxins); body may need injection of the same antibodies if re-exposed to same pathogen

Answer 30

artificially acquired passive immunotherapy

Question 31

ie. antibodies made when you get chickenpox; can make and secrete those antibodies years later if re-exposed

Answer 31

naturally acquired active immunity

Question 32

function of some antibodies; induces a reaction that directly kills microbes

Answer 32

oxidation

Question 33

function of some antibodies; tags microbes to increase the chances and speed of microbe phagocytosis

Answer 33

opsonization

Question 34

lymphocytes that mature in the thymus; 70-85% of all lymphocytes in then blood

Answer 34

T cells

Question 35

attribute of adaptive immunity; allows the immune system to respond faster and more effectively during the second exposure to a particular pathogen

Answer 35

memory

Question 36

attribute of adaptive immunity; prevents the immune system from attacking the body itself

Answer 36

self-tolerant

Question 37

enable quick response by the body but no memory B and T cells are made so there is no protection against future infections

Answer 37

passive immune response

Question 38

signals used that regulate and coordinate immune system responses; signals that enhance immunological synapses

Answer 38

cytokines

Question 39

function of some antibodies; also triggers inflammation

Answer 39

activate complement

Question 40

type of antigens such as toxins or parts of the outside of microbes

Answer 40

exogenous

Question 41

function of some antibodies; inactivates toxins or blocks attachment

Answer 41

neutralization

Question 42

cells of the adaptive immunity can produce these identical cells

Answer 42

clones

Question 43

lymphatic organ that filters blood and removes microbes and damaged RBCs

Answer 43

spleen

Question 44

ie. lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, MALT

Answer 44

secondary lymphoid organs

Question 45

aka self antigens; enables self-tolerance

Answer 45

autoantigens

Question 46

where leukocytes are made in the body

Answer 46

red bone marrow

Question 47

randomly formed and results in the billions of different types of B cells that can each react to a different foreign antigen; look like antibodies stuck to cells

Answer 47

BCR

Question 48

ie. red bone marrow and thymus

Answer 48

primary lymphoid organs

Question 49

includes appendix, lymphoid tissue of the respiratory tract, vagina, urinary bladder and mammary glands, Peyers patches, etc

Answer 49

MALT

Question 50

organ located above the heart; where T cells mature

Answer 50

thymus

Question 51

form a one way system to collect and return fluid that escapes the circulatory system; also, system carries toxins and pathogens to areas where lymphocytes are concentrated

Answer 51

lymphatic vessels

Question 52

cells that travel to lymph nodes to present antigens bound to MHCs to B and T cell; include B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Answer 52

APC

Question 53

B cells that have been activated to secrete antibodies

Answer 53

plasma cells

Question 54

attribute of adaptive immunity; allows the immune system to have a different response depending on the antigen encountered

Answer 54

specificity

Question 55

attribute of adaptive immunity; results in the activation of the immune system when a specific antigen in encountered

Answer 55

inducibility

Question 56

colorless, watery liquid form from leaky blood vessels

Answer 56

lymph