CPTD 2.1 Learning Sciences Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the three foundational learning theories?
Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism.
What is interleaving in learning?
Alternating between topics during instruction to improve understanding.
What is spaced practice?
Spreading learning over time with intervals between sessions.
What is elaboration?
Putting content in your own words and connecting it to prior knowledge.
What is retrieval practice?
Recalling knowledge from memory to strengthen retention.
What is intrinsic cognitive load?
The mental effort required due to the complexity of the material.
What is extraneous cognitive load?
The mental effort caused by poor instructional design.
What is germane cognitive load?
The effort spent building meaningful mental models (schemas).
Name the principles of Knowles’ Adragogy Theory.
Need to know, Self-concept, Role of experience (also includes readiness to learn, orientation to learning, and motivation).
What are the domains of Bloom’s Taxonomy?
Cognitive (intellectual skills), Psychomotor (motor skills), Affective (emotional response).
What are Gagné’s five types of learning outcomes?
Intellectual skills, Cognitive strategies, Verbal information, Motor skills, Attitudes.
Name Gagné’s 9 Events of Instruction.
Gain attention, Present content, Provide feedback (others include inform objectives, recall prior learning, guide learning, elicit performance, assess, enhance retention).
What three elements make up Mager’s behavioral objectives?
Learning should be broken up into smaller tasks or objectives. A behavioral objective should have:
Performance (action), Condition (context/tools), Criteria (acceptable level).
What is the main idea of Bandura’s theory?
People learn by observing and imitating others. Best known for the Bobo Doll Experiments, which demonstrated that children imitate behaviors modeled by adults, especially aggression.
What are the effects of modeling in learning?
Modeling effect (adopting behaviors) and inhibitory effect (reducing bad behaviors).
What is cognitive dissonance?
A conflict between beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors that prompts change.
What does the theory of reasoned action predict?
Behavior based on existing attitudes and intentions.
What is diffusion theory?
Describes how new ideas or innovations spread through a population.
How does machine learning support learning systems?
By personalizing content, automating scheduling, and providing tailored feedback.
What is incremental theory?
The belief that intelligence can grow with effort, influencing how learners respond to challenges.
3 forms of cognitive load
Intrinsic
Extraneous
Germane
What is Bloom’s Taxonomy?
Framework that classifies educational objectives into different cognitive levels, from remembering to creating
What is the application and impact of Bandura’s theory?
It bridges behaviorism and cognitivism, emphasizing that learning can occur through modeling (observing and imitating others).
Modeling is also useful for reflection and feedback, and can be structured into learning experiences to help others observe and replicate desired behaviors.
What is Persuasion Theory?
study of how people can use messages to influence people.
