CV System and Disorders- Week 4 Arterial System

Question 1

Buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaque),

Answer 1

Arthrosclerosis

Question 2

Which arteries does Arthrosclerosis effect?

Answer 2

ALL Arteries

Question 3

At what point does someone with Arthrosclerosis begin to experience pain?

Answer 3

70% blockage

Question 4

Arthrosclerosis risk factors

Answer 4

1. Family history
2. HLD
3. HTN
4. Diabetes
5. Smoking
6. Post menopausal women
7. Man older than 45
8. Obesity

Question 5

Why are Post menopausal women at higher risk for Arthrosclerosis?

Answer 5

no longer have protective hormones’

Question 6

A blood clot, air bubble, piece of fatty deposit, or other object which has been carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel

Answer 6

Embolus

Question 7

Aggregated platelets and red blood cells that form a plug

Answer 7

Thrombus

Question 8

7 symptoms of arterial occlusion

Answer 8

1. Pistol shock (means acute onset)
2. Pallor
3. Polar- cold
4. Pain
5. Paralysis
6. Pesia?

Question 9

What happens to plaques that rupture?

Answer 9

Cause formation of blood clots

Question 10

Thrombus vs embolus

Answer 10

Thrombus just sits on vessel and when it breaks off it is an embolus (Platelets can adhere to it)

Question 11

If Embolus/Thrombus is in PIV what occurs?

Answer 11

no pulse

Question 12

If Embolus/Thrombus is in brain what occurs?

Answer 12

thrombotic stroke

Question 13

If Embolus/Thrombus is in heart or coronary artery what occurs?

Answer 13

STEMI

Question 14

What must happen to be eligible to get a vessel fixed?

Answer 14

70% occlusion

Question 15

What should an NP do for a pt post MI?

Answer 15

1. Can have healing problems from malnutrition so set up nutritionist
2. Follow up

Question 16

When the arteries that supply blood to heart muscle become hardened and narrowed or occluded

Answer 16

CAD

Question 17

Main indicating symptom of CAD/MI

Answer 17

symptoms and pain do not change with position

Question 18

S&S of CAD/MI

Answer 18

1. Angina
2. Substrernal chest pain
3. N&V
4. Diaphoresis
5. Tachy/bradycardia
6. SOB
7. Pain anywhere (Headaches, Jaw pain, Shoulder, Epigastric)

Question 19

What is done to diagnose CAD?

Answer 19

1. EKG

2. Stress testing

Question 20

Why are EKGs good tests?

Answer 20

No preparation, cheap, can be done anywhere

Question 21

What kinds of stress test are there?

Answer 21

Regular stress test nd nuclear

Question 22

Regular stress test

Answer 22

Stress test done on treadmill

Question 23

Nuclear stress test

Answer 23

Stress test performed by being given a nuclear item while lying down to increase HR

Question 24

Preparation for Regular stress test

Answer 24

1. Things to not eat or drink before

2. Wear good shoes

Question 25

Partial Blockage in CAD can cause what to happen to the body?

Answer 25

1. Angina 2. non STEMI or STEMI 3. cardiac arrythmias 4. pt to develop HF 5. If its a blockage it can cause sudden death 6. Vtach or Afib

Question 26

AFTER an older person has an MI what should an NP do?

Answer 26

1. they will probably do okay (as long as it's not a major occlusion of a vessel) 2. Rehab (teach pt the thighs that are good for them) 3. After recovered and cleared exercise and diet is good 4. Help pt to understand medications and importance 5. follow up care

Question 27

What is different in women and men when considering MI?

Answer 27

1. Women have smaller vessels 2. Women and men have different symptoms 3. Women's risk gets much higher after menopause

Question 28

Classifications of CAD

Answer 28

1. Chronic Ischemic HD | 2. ACS (acute coronary syndrome)

Question 29

Term used to describe a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart. One such condition is a MI.

Answer 29

acute coronary syndrome

Question 30

Tests for ACS

Answer 30

1. EKG 2. troponin 3. Ck

Question 31

STEMI vs NSTEMI vs Unstable Angina

Answer 31

1. STEMI- EKG changes 2. NSTEMI- no EKG changes, cardiac markers raised 3. Unstable angina- no EKG changes, no cardiac markers raised

Question 32

Stable vs unstable angina

Answer 32

Stable- predictable, with exertion | Unstable- unpredictable, at rest

Question 33

A quick, noninvasive way to check for peripheral artery disease and assess the severity of the narrowed arteries.

Answer 33

Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

Question 34

How is ABI determined?

Answer 34

By taking the higher pressure of the 2 arteries at the ankle, divided by the brachial arterial systolic pressure.

Question 35

Inflammatory disease affecting the large blood vessels of the scalp, neck and arms.

Answer 35

Giant Cell Arteritis

Question 36

S&S of Giant Cell Arteritis

Answer 36

1. Persistent, severe head pain, usually in your temple area 2. Scalp tenderness 3. Jaw pain when you chew or open your mouth wide 4. Fever 5. Fatigue 6. Unintended weight loss 7. Vision loss or double vision 8. Sudden, permanent loss of vision in one eye

Question 37

What can Giant Cell Arteritis lead to?

Answer 37

Blindness if not treated promptly

Question 38

Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis is?

Answer 38

Corticosteroid

Question 39

blockage or narrowing of an artery in the legs (or rarely the arms)

Answer 39

Arteriosclerotic Occlusive Disease

Question 40

What does Arteriosclerotic Occlusive Disease cause?

Answer 40

Claudication

Question 41

Pain caused by too little blood flow to your legs or arms.

Answer 41

Claudication

Question 42

Rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. Blood vessels become inflamed, swell and can become blocked thrombi.

Answer 42

Buerger’s Disease

Question 43

What can Buerger’s Disease cause to happen?

Answer 43

1. Damages/destroys skin 2. Infection and gangrene 3. Amputation

Question 44

Who gets Buerger’s Disease ?

Answer 44

tobacco use (smoking chewing, ect...)

Question 45

S&S of Buerger’s Disease

Answer 45

1. Tingling/numbness hands/ feet 2. Pale, reddish/blue-tinted hands/feet. 3. Pain that may come and go in legs/feet or arms/hands (claudication) , or at rest 4. Inflammation along a vein just below the skin's surface (d/t clot) 5. Raynaud's phenomenon 6. Painful open sores on fingers/toes

Question 46

Raynaud’s Disease vs Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Answer 46

Raynaud’s Disease (primary): happens without illness | Raynaud’s Disease (secondary): happens d/t an illness

Question 47

When fingers and toes feel numb/cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. This occurs when smaller arteries that supply blood to your skin narrow, limiting blood circulation to affected areas (vasospasm).

Answer 47

Raynaud’s Disease

Question 48

Raynaud’s Disease risk factors

Answer 48

1. Women | 2. Cold climates

Question 49

Cause of Raynaud’s Disease

Answer 49

Not completely understood but thought to be an overaction of blood vessels to cold/stress

Question 50

Main Symptom of Raynaud’s Disease

Answer 50

white/ blue color when cold and red when returning blood

Question 51

When part of an artery wall weakens, allowing it to balloon out or widen abnormally.

Answer 51

Aneurysms

Question 52

Risk factors for Aneurysms

Answer 52

1. Family history 2. HTN 2. HLD

Question 53

Where can aneurysms occur?

Answer 53

Anywhere

Question 54

Most common types of aneurysms.

Answer 54

1. Aortic aneurysm 2. Cerebral aneurysm 3. Popliteal artery aneurysm (behind knee) 4. Mesenteric artery aneurysm (intestine) 5. Splenic artery aneurysm

Question 55

S&S of Aneurysm

Answer 55

1. Pain 2. Clammy skin 3. Dizziness 4. Nausea and vomiting 5. Rapid heart rate 6. Shock 7. Low blood pressure

Question 56

How is a Aneurysm diagnosed?

Answer 56

1. Angiogram 2. CT 3. Ultrasound

Question 57

When is an Aneurysm a emergency?

Answer 57

When it ruptures