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pharma 1 (dump) > D-D Combo - Kidneys > Flashcards

D-D Combo - Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

Which drug may decrease the excretion of aminoglycosides when co-administered?

A. Aspirin
B. Paracetamol
C. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)
D. Beta-blockers

A

C. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs)
Rationale: NSAIDs have been shown to decrease the excretion of aminoglycosides, potentially leading to increased nephrotoxic effects.

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2
Q

Vancomycin, when co-administered with aminoglycosides, may enhance the ______ effect of aminoglycosides.

A. Antipyretic
B. Nephrotoxic
C. Anticoagulant
D. Sedative

A

B. Nephrotoxic
Rationale: Vancomycin can enhance the nephrotoxic effect of aminoglycosides, increasing the risk of kidney damage.

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3
Q

Which population is of particular concern when co-administering aminoglycosides and NSAIDs?

A. Elderly patients
B. Pregnant women
C. Preterm infants
D. Adolescents

A

C. Preterm infants
Rationale: Preterm infants may be at a higher risk of experiencing the nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides when co-administered with NSAIDs.

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4
Q

Which of the following should be monitored when aminoglycosides are administered with vancomycin?

A. Liver function tests
B. Blood glucose levels
C. Aminoglycoside serum concentrations
D. Blood pressure

A

C. Aminoglycoside serum concentrations
Rationale: Monitoring aminoglycoside serum concentrations is crucial to adjust dosing and prevent potential nephrotoxic effects when co-administered with vancomycin.

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5
Q

Aminoglycosides primarily target which type of bacteria?

A. Gram-positive
B. Gram-negative
C. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative
D. Neither

A

B. Gram-negative
Rationale: Aminoglycosides are primarily effective against Gram-negative bacteria.

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6
Q

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of aminoglycosides?

A. Ototoxicity
B. Nephrotoxicity
C. Hepatotoxicity
D. Neuromuscular blockade

A

C. Hepatotoxicity
Rationale: While aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade, they are not typically associated with hepatotoxicity.

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7
Q

Which drug class can potentially increase the serum concentrations of aminoglycosides?

A. Diuretics
B. Antacids
C. Proton pump inhibitors
D. NSAIDs

A

D. NSAIDs
Rationale: NSAIDs can decrease the excretion of aminoglycosides, leading to increased serum concentrations.

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8
Q

Vancomycin is primarily used to treat infections caused by which type of bacteria?

A. Gram-positive cocci
B. Gram-negative bacilli
C. Anaerobes
D. Fungi

A

A. Gram-positive cocci
Rationale: Vancomycin is primarily effective against Gram-positive cocci, especially MRSA.

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

A. Inhibition of protein synthesis
B. Disruption of bacterial cell wall
C. Binding to bacterial ribosomes
D. Inhibition of bacterial DNA replication

A

D. Inhibition of bacterial DNA replication
Rationale: Aminoglycosides work by inhibiting protein synthesis and binding to bacterial ribosomes, but they do not inhibit bacterial DNA replication.

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10
Q

Which of the following is a common aminoglycoside?

A. Ciprofloxacin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Gentamicin
D. Metronidazole

A

C. Gentamicin
Rationale: Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic.

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11
Q

Which drug is associated with Vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity?
A) Metformin
B) Tetracycline
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Vancomycin

A

D) Vancomycin
Rationale: Vancomycin is associated with Vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity.

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12
Q

Which drug class, when used concomitantly with quinolone antibiotics, may increase the risk of seizures?
A) Proton pump inhibitors
B) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
C) Opioids
D) Statins

A

B) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
Rationale: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, when used with quinolone antibiotics, may increase the risk of seizures.

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13
Q

Which drug’s long-term usage results in albuminuria?
A) Opioids
B) Statins
C) Fibrates
D) Metformin

A

A) Opioids
Rationale: Long-term usage of opioids can result in albuminuria.

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14
Q

Which antibiotic is known to cause nephrotoxicity but recovers kidney function within 20 days of cessation?
A) Tetracycline
B) Aminoglycosides
C) Fluoroquinolones
D) Vancomycin

A

B) Aminoglycosides
Rationale: Aminoglycosides can cause nephrotoxicity, but kidney function typically recovers within 20 days of cessation.

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15
Q

Which drug is a cell wall synthesis inhibitor?
A) Doxycycline
B) Aminoglycosides
C) Vancomycin
D) Fibrates

A

C) Vancomycin
Rationale: Vancomycin is a cell wall synthesis inhibitor.

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16
Q

Which drug class can lead to a reversible rise in serum creatinine values?
A) Opioids
B) Statins
C) Fibrates
D) Proton pump inhibitors

A

C) Fibrates
Rationale: Fibrates can cause a reversible rise in serum creatinine values.

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17
Q

Which drug can cause allergic interstitial nephritis within one week to two months of discontinuation?
A) Fluoroquinolones
B) Aminoglycosides
C) Tetracycline
D) Metformin

A

A) Fluoroquinolones
Rationale: Fluoroquinolones can cause allergic interstitial nephritis, and most cases resolve within one week to two months of discontinuation.

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18
Q

Which drug is associated with decreasing proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy patients?
A) Doxycycline
B) Vancomycin
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Fibrates

A

A) Doxycycline
Rationale: Doxycycline has a role in decreasing proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy patients.

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19
Q

Which drug class can cause acute interstitial nephritis in acute settings?
A) Statins
B) Opioids
C) Proton pump inhibitors
D) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

A

D) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
Rationale: In acute settings, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents can lead to acute interstitial nephritis.

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20
Q

Which drug should be dose-adjusted in patients with kidney impairment to avoid accumulation?
A) Opioids
B) Metformin
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Statins

A

B) Metformin
Rationale: In patients with kidney impairment, it’s preferable to adjust the dose of metformin so it doesn’t accumulate.

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21
Q

Which drug class, when used with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, may enhance the neuroexcitatory effect?
A) Quinolones
B) Opioids
C) Statins
D) Proton pump inhibitors

A

A) Quinolones
Rationale: Quinolones may enhance the neuroexcitatory effect when used concomitantly with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

22
Q

Which drug class can cause drug-induced allergic interstitial nephritis?
A) Proton pump inhibitors
B) Fibrates
C) Opioids
D) Statins

A

A) Proton pump inhibitors
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors can cause drug-induced allergic interstitial nephritis.

23
Q

Which antibiotic is a protein synthesis inhibitor?
A) Aminoglycosides
B) Fluoroquinolones
C) Tetracycline
D) Vancomycin

A

C) Tetracycline
Rationale: Tetracycline is a protein synthesis inhibitor.

24
Q

Which drug is associated with an increased risk of seizure when used with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents?
A) Quinolones
B) Metformin
C) Opioids
D) Statins

A

A) Quinolones
Rationale: Quinolones have an increased risk of seizure when used concomitantly with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

25
Q

Which drug class can cause chronic kidney injury and end-stage renal disease?
A) Proton pump inhibitors
B) Opioids
C) Fibrates
D) Statins

A

A) Proton pump inhibitors
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors can cause chronic kidney injury and end-stage renal disease.

26
Q

Which drug class can lead to albuminuria with long-term use?
A) Opioids
B) Statins
C) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
D) Proton pump inhibitors

A

A) Opioids
Rationale: Long-term usage of opioids can lead to albuminuria.

27
Q

Which drug class is recognized as a risk factor for acute kidney injury in the elderly?
A) Opioids
B) Statins
C) Fibrates
D) Proton pump inhibitors

A

B) Statins
Rationale: Statins are recognized as a risk factor for acute kidney injury in the elderly.

28
Q

Which drug class can cause a reversible rise in serum creatinine values?
A) Opioids
B) Statins
C) Fibrates
D) Proton pump inhibitors

A

C) Fibrates
Rationale: Fibrates can cause a reversible rise in serum creatinine values.

29
Q

Which antibiotic can cause nephrotoxicity but recovers kidney function within 20 days of cessation?
A) Tetracycline
B) Aminoglycosides
C) Fluoroquinolones
D) Vancomycin

A

B) Aminoglycosides
Rationale: Aminoglycosides can cause nephrotoxicity, but kidney function typically recovers within 20 days of cessation.

30
Q

Which drug should be dose-adjusted in patients with kidney impairment to avoid accumulation?
A) Opioids
B) Metformin
C) Aminoglycosides
D) Statins

A

B) Metformin
Rationale: In patients with kidney impairment, it’s preferable to adjust the dose of metformin so it doesn’t accumulate.

31
Q

Which drug may decrease the excretion of aminoglycosides?

A. Vancomycin
B. Quinolones
C. NSAIDs
D. Beta-blockers

A

C. NSAIDs
Rationale: NSAIDs can decrease the excretion of aminoglycosides, potentially leading to increased serum concentrations and nephrotoxic effects.

32
Q

Vancomycin may enhance the ______ effect of aminoglycosides.

A. Neuroexcitatory
B. Nephrotoxic
C. Hepatotoxic
D. Cardiotoxic

A

B. Nephrotoxic
Rationale: The combination of vancomycin and aminoglycosides can increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.

33
Q

Which population is of particular concern when combining aminoglycosides and NSAIDs?

A. Elderly
B. Adolescents
C. Preterm infants
D. Pregnant women

A

C. Preterm infants
Rationale: Preterm infants may be more susceptible to the nephrotoxic effects of this drug combination.

34
Q

Which drug may enhance the neuroexcitatory effect of quinolones?

A. Aminoglycosides
B. NSAIDs
C. Vancomycin
D. Beta-blockers

A

B. NSAIDs
Rationale: NSAIDs can enhance the neuroexcitatory and/or seizure-potentiating effect of quinolones.

35
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for seizures when combining NSAIDs and quinolones?

A. Renal dysfunction
B. History of seizures
C. High doses of either drug
D. Age above 60

A

D. Age above 60
Rationale: While age can influence drug metabolism and excretion, it’s not specifically mentioned as a risk factor for this interaction.

36
Q

Which drug class can increase serum concentrations of quinolones?

A. Aminoglycosides
B. NSAIDs
C. Vancomycin
D. Beta-blockers

A

B. NSAIDs
Rationale: NSAIDs may increase the serum concentration of quinolones, potentially leading to increased side effects.

37
Q

A patient with which condition should be closely monitored when given NSAIDs and quinolones together?

A. Asthma
B. Renal dysfunction
C. Hypertension
D. Diabetes

A

B. Renal dysfunction
Rationale: Renal dysfunction can increase the risk of seizures when combining these two drug classes.

38
Q

Which drug class is NOT associated with nephrotoxic effects when combined with another drug?

A. Aminoglycosides
B. Quinolones
C. NSAIDs
D. Beta-blockers

A

D. Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers are not mentioned in the provided interactions related to nephrotoxicity.

39
Q

Which of the following is a common side effect of aminoglycosides?

A. Nephrotoxicity
B. Cardiotoxicity
C. Hepatotoxicity
D. Neurotoxicity

A

A. Nephrotoxicity
Rationale: Aminoglycosides are known for their potential nephrotoxic effects, especially when combined with other nephrotoxic drugs.

40
Q

Which drug class can potentiate the seizure effect of another drug?

A. Aminoglycosides
B. Quinolones
C. NSAIDs
D. Beta-blockers

A

B. Quinolones
Rationale: Quinolones have a potential neuroexcitatory effect, which can be potentiated by NSAIDs.

41
Q

Which drug interaction requires monitoring of serum drug concentrations?
A. Aminoglycosides and NSAIDs
B. Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin
C. Quinolones and NSAIDs
D. Quinolones and Beta-blockers

A

B. Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin
Rationale: When aminoglycosides are administered with vancomycin, it’s essential to monitor aminoglycoside serum concentrations to adjust dosing.

42
Q

Which drug does NOT have a known interaction with NSAIDs based on the provided information?
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Quinolones
C. Vancomycin
D. Beta-blockers

A

D. Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers were not mentioned in the provided drug interactions with NSAIDs.

43
Q

Which of the following is NOT a known effect of NSAIDs on other drugs based on the provided information?
A. Decreasing excretion
B. Enhancing neuroexcitatory effects
C. Increasing serum concentration
D. Reducing absorption

A

D. Reducing absorption
Rationale: The provided information did not mention NSAIDs reducing the absorption of other drugs.

44
Q

Which drug class is known to have a potential neuroexcitatory effect?
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Quinolones
C. NSAIDs
D. Beta-blockers

A

B. Quinolones
Rationale: Quinolones have a potential neuroexcitatory effect, which can be potentiated by NSAIDs.

45
Q

Which drug interaction is of particular concern in patients with a history of seizures?
A. Aminoglycosides and NSAIDs
B. Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin
C. Quinolones and NSAIDs
D. Quinolones and Beta-blockers

A

C. Quinolones and NSAIDs
Rationale: The combination of quinolones and NSAIDs can increase the risk of seizures, especially in patients with a history of seizures.

46
Q

Which drug interaction requires careful dose adjustment based on serum drug concentrations?
A. Aminoglycosides and NSAIDs
B. Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin
C. Quinolones and NSAIDs
D. Quinolones and Beta-blockers

A

B. Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin
Rationale: When aminoglycosides are administered with vancomycin, it’s essential to adjust the dose based on aminoglycoside serum concentrations.

47
Q

Which drug class can decrease the excretion of another drug, leading to increased serum concentrations?
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Quinolones
C. NSAIDs
D. Beta-blockers

A

C. NSAIDs
Rationale: NSAIDs can decrease the excretion of aminoglycosides, potentially leading to increased serum concentrations.

48
Q

Which of the following is a potential side effect of the combination of quinolones and NSAIDs?
A. Nephrotoxicity
B. Cardiotoxicity
C. Seizures
D. Hepatotoxicity

A

C. Seizures
Rationale: The combination of quinolones and NSAIDs can increase the risk of seizures due to the neuroexcitatory effect of quinolones.

49
Q

Which drug class is NOT known to interact with aminoglycosides based on the provided information?
A. Quinolones
B. NSAIDs
C. Vancomycin
D. Beta-blockers

A

D. Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers were not mentioned in the provided drug interactions with aminoglycosides.

50
Q

Which drug interaction requires monitoring for increased nephrotoxic effects?
A. Aminoglycosides and NSAIDs
B. Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin
C. Quinolones and NSAIDs
D. Quinolones and Beta-blockers

A

B. Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin
Rationale: The combination of aminoglycosides and vancomycin can increase the risk of nephrotoxicity, requiring close monitoring.

pharma 1 (dump) (16 decks)

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