Diurteics

Question 1

Which of the following drugs inhibits the enzyme that prevents dehydration of H2CO3 in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Acetazolamide
D) Spironolactone

Answer 1

C) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that prevents the dehydration of H2CO3 in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 2

Which drug is an SGLT2 inhibitor used for the treatment of hyperglycemia?

A) Brinzolamide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Triamterene

Answer 2

B) Canagliflozin
Rationale: Canagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.

Question 3

Loop diuretics inhibit which transporter?

A) Na/K/2Cl transporter
B) Na/Cl transporter
C) Sodium/glucose cotransporter
D) Carbonic anhydrase enzyme

Answer 3

A) Na/K/2Cl transporter
Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as Furosemide, inhibit the Na/K/2Cl transporter in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a clinical application of Thiazides?

A) Hypertension
B) Glaucoma
C) Mild heart failure
D) Nephrolithiasis

Answer 4

B) Glaucoma
Rationale: Thiazides are used for hypertension, mild heart failure, nephrolithiasis, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, but not for glaucoma.

Question 5

Which drug is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules?

A) Amiloride
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Furosemide
D) Mannitol

Answer 5

A) Amiloride
Rationale: Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks epithelial sodium channels in collecting tubules, reducing Na retention and K wasting.

Question 6

Which drug has a physical osmotic effect on tissue water distribution?

A) Spironolactone
B) Tolvaptan
C) Mannitol
D) Acetazolamide

Answer 6

C) Mannitol
Rationale: Mannitol has a physical osmotic effect on tissue water distribution because it is retained in the vascular compartment.

Question 7

Which of the following drugs is an antagonist at V1 and V2 ADH receptors?

A) Conivaptan
B) Canagliflozin
C) Eplerenone
D) Metolazone

Answer 7

A) Conivaptan
Rationale: Conivaptan is an antagonist at V1 and V2 ADH receptors, reducing water reabsorption and increasing plasma Na concentration.

Question 8

Which drug is NOT recommended in severe renal or liver disease?

A) Canagliflozin
B) Brinzolamide
C) Triamterene
D) Mannitol

Answer 8

A) Canagliflozin
Rationale: Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, is not recommended in severe renal or liver disease.

Question 9

Which drug is known to cause hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis?

A) Triamterene
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Furosemide
D) Acetazolamide

Answer 9

A) Triamterene
Rationale: Triamterene, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis.

Question 10

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of increased intracranial pressure?

A) Mannitol
B) Spironolactone
C) Canagliflozin
D) Tolvaptan

Answer 10

A) Mannitol
Rationale: Mannitol is used for the treatment of increased intracranial pressure due to its osmotic diuretic properties.

Question 11

Which drug is a pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone in collecting tubules?
A) Spironolactone
B) Furosemide
C) Dapagliflozin
D) Brinzolamide

Answer 11

A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts as a pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone in collecting tubules.

Question 12

Which of the following drugs is used topically for glaucoma?
A) Brinzolamide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 12

A) Brinzolamide
Rationale: Brinzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used topically for the treatment of glaucoma.

Question 13

Which drug is known to cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis?
A) Furosemide
B) Amiloride
C) Acetazolamide
D) Tolvaptan

Answer 13

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis due to increased NaCl excretion and K wasting.

Question 14

Which of the following is a clinical application of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hypertension
C) Glaucoma
D) Aldosteronism

Answer 14

C) Glaucoma
Rationale: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, such as Acetazolamide, are used for the treatment of glaucoma.

Question 15

Which drug is a selective antagonist at V2 ADH receptors?
A) Tolvaptan
B) Conivaptan
C) Spironolactone
D) Furosemide

Answer 15

A) Tolvaptan
Rationale: Tolvaptan is a selective antagonist at V2 ADH receptors, reducing water reabsorption and increasing plasma Na concentration.

Question 16

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of mountain sickness?
A) Acetazolamide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

Answer 16

A) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used for the treatment of mountain sickness.

Question 17

Which drug inhibits the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Furosemide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Mannitol

Answer 17

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits the Na/Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 18

Which of the following drugs is known to reduce intraocular pressure?
A) Mannitol
B) Canagliflozin
C) Furosemide
D) Spironolactone

Answer 18

A) Mannitol
Rationale: Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, is known to reduce intraocular pressure.

Question 19

Which drug is known to cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?
A) Acetazolamide
B) Hydrochlorothiazide
C) Tolvaptan
D) Furosemide

Answer 19

A) Acetazolamide
Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to reduced reabsorption of HCO3-.

Question 20

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

Answer 20

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, is used for the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Question 21

Which drug is known to cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyperuricemia?
A) Hydrochlorothiazide
B) Amiloride
C) Acetazolamide
D) Tolvaptan

Answer 21

A) Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can cause hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyperuricemia.

Question 22

Which of the following drugs is NOT a loop diuretic?
A) Furosemide
B) Bumetanide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Torsemide

Answer 22

C) Canagliflozin
Rationale: Canagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor, not a loop diuretic.

Question 23

Which drug is known to cause gynecomastia?
A) Spironolactone
B) Furosemide
C) Canagliflozin
D) Mannitol

Answer 23

A) Spironolactone
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause gynecomastia due to its weak antagonism of androgen receptors.

Question 24

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of pulmonary edema?
A) Furosemide
B) Canagliflozin
C) Mannitol
D) Tolvaptan

Answer 24

A) Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of pulmonary edema.

Question 25

Which drug is known to cause ototoxicity? A) Furosemide B) Hydrochlorothiazide C) Canagliflozin D) Mannitol

Answer 25

A) Furosemide Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause ototoxicity.

Question 26

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of SIADH? A) Tolvaptan B) Canagliflozin C) Mannitol D) Furosemide

Answer 26

A) Tolvaptan Rationale: Tolvaptan, a vasopressin (ADH) antagonist, is used for the treatment of SIADH.

Question 27

Which drug is known to cause hyperammonemia in cirrhotics? A) Acetazolamide B) Hydrochlorothiazide C) Tolvaptan D) Furosemide

Answer 27

A) Acetazolamide Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can cause hyperammonemia in cirrhotics.

Question 28

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of hypokalemia due to other diuretics? A) Spironolactone B) Canagliflozin C) Mannitol D) Tolvaptan

Answer 28

A) Spironolactone Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is used for the treatment of hypokalemia due to other diuretics.

Question 29

Which drug is known to reduce body pH? A) Acetazolamide B) Hydrochlorothiazide C) Tolvaptan D) Furosemide

Answer 29

A) Acetazolamide Rationale: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can reduce body pH due to reduced reabsorption of HCO3-.

Question 30

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of aldosteronism from any cause? A) Spironolactone B) Canagliflozin C) Mannitol D) Tolvaptan

Answer 30

A) Spironolactone Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is used for the treatment of aldosteronism from any cause.

Question 31

Which drug is known to cause hyperkalemia? A) Spironolactone B) Hydrochlorothiazide C) Tolvaptan D) Furosemide

Answer 31

A) Spironolactone Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemia.

Question 32

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of nephrolithiasis? A) Hydrochlorothiazide B) Canagliflozin C) Mannitol D) Tolvaptan

Answer 32

A) Hydrochlorothiazide Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, is used for the treatment of nephrolithiasis.

Question 33

Which drug is known to cause hypovolemia? A) Furosemide B) Hydrochlorothiazide C) Tolvaptan D) Mannitol

Answer 33

A) Furosemide Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hypovolemia.

Question 34

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of hypertension? A) Hydrochlorothiazide B) Canagliflozin C) Mannitol D) Tolvaptan

Answer 34

A) Hydrochlorothiazide Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, is used for the treatment of hypertension.

Question 35

Which drug is known to cause hypomagnesemia? A) Furosemide B) Hydrochlorothiazide C) Tolvaptan D) Mannitol

Answer 35

A) Furosemide Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hypomagnesemia.

Question 36

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of heart failure? A) Furosemide B) Canagliflozin C) Mannitol D) Tolvaptan

Answer 36

A) Furosemide Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of heart failure.

Question 37

Which drug is known to cause hyperuricemia? A) Furosemide B) Hydrochlorothiazide C) Tolvaptan D) Mannitol

Answer 37

A) Furosemide Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause hyperuricemia.

Question 38

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of peripheral edema? A) Furosemide B) Canagliflozin C) Mannitol D) Tolvaptan

Answer 38

A) Furosemide Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of peripheral edema.

Question 39

Which drug is known to cause hyperglycemia? A) Hydrochlorothiazide B) Amiloride C) Tolvaptan D) Furosemide

Answer 39

A) Hydrochlorothiazide Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can cause hyperglycemia.

Question 40

Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of acute hypercalcemia? A) Furosemide B) Canagliflozin C) Mannitol D) Tolvaptan

Answer 40

A) Furosemide Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is used for the treatment of acute hypercalcemia.