Deck 3 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Disaccharide
2 sugar subunits. Lactoss: dairy products. Sucrose: ‘Table sugar’, sugarcane, sugar beets, candy. Maltrose: germinating seeds, beer.
Glycogen
Polysaccharide. Mainly used for energy storage in animals.
Monosaccharide
Simple sugars. 1 sugar subunit. Glucose: many plants and fruits, honey, sports drinks. Fructos: fruit, honey, sweetener in many processed foods.
Polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrates. 3 or more sugar subunits. Starch: plants and roots, potatoes, wheat, corn, rice. Cellulose: plants.
Starch
Polysaccharides. Mainly used for energy storage in plants.
Cholesterol
Used to build steroid hormones, including testosterone and estradiol. Precursor to vitamins D & K. Helps in the absorption of fats from the digestive system into the body. In animals, maintains the proper consistency of the cell membrane.
Endotherm
Animals that live in cold polar regions, like penguins, whiles and seals. They have thick insulating ‘blubber’ beneath the skin.
Fatty Acid
Carboxylic acids consisting of hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, especially any of those occurring as esters in fats and oils.
Lipoprotein
Carrier that transports cholesterol around the body to the cells that need it.
Phospholipid
Type of Lipid. Provides structure to cell membranes; a protective barrier surrounding the cell or separating compartments and forming organelles within the cell. Ex: lipid bilayer membrane.
Saturated Fat
Have 3 fatty acid ‘tails’all of which are linear in shape. Compact shape helps them pack together efficiently and form a solid at room temperature.
Steroid
Type of lipid. Provides structure to membranes; regulates many developmental, metabolic and energy processes. Ex: Cholesterol; naturally occurring hormones like estrogen and testosterone.
Triglyceride
Type of lipid. Stores energy for use at a later time. Saturated fats, unsaturated fats, trans fats.
Unsaturated Fat
Have at least one fatty acid. ‘Kinky’ fatty acids. Do not pack into a regular structure and remain fluid at room temperature.
Wax
Type of lipid. Forms protective layers on plants and animals that repel water. Ex” Beeswax, bird feathers, carnauba wax, jojoba oil, lanolin.
Active Site
The binding site on enzymes. contains amino acids that both bind the substrate and aid in its conversion to product.
Amino Acid
Building block of proteins. A small organic chemical that is made up of four parts. One end has nitrogen-amino group, other end has carboxylic acid groups linked by a single carbon atom called the alpha carbon, and the variable ‘R group’ also attached to the alpha carbon.
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
Denatured State
When a folded protein is unfolded but is irreversibly tangled, forming an aggregate and precipitating out of solution. Caused by extremes of temperature and ph.
enzyme
Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions by accelerating the rate at which chemical reactions take place in a cell. Ex: Amylase protein.
peptide bond
The bond between amino acids that make up proteins.
protein
Nitrogenous organic compound that consists of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms.
substrate
A substance on which an enzyme acts.
Antibodie
Proteins that identify and neutralize foreign substances. Ex: IgE Protein
