Neuroblast gives rise to ____All glial cells come from ______, except one.
neurons; neurotube.
Glial cells in CNS give rise to:
- astrocytes (scar tissue formation and repair in CNS,bbb)
2. Oligodendrocytes (create insulin sheath around nerves in CNS)
microglia come from _____marrow
bone
Nueral crest cells form the ___
PNS;
glial cells in PNS come from neural crest and are called:
- schwann cells (form myelin)
2. melanocytes
enamel structures come from. Odontoblasts and everything else come form neural crest cells.
ectoderm.
The neural tube forming: The anterior/cranial parts form the ____and posterior part forms the spinal cord.
brain
If you dont fuse cranial end of neuropore (neural tube) it gives rise to a lot of isses in dev of____. At caudal end you could get spina bifida.
brain
1st pharnygeal arch that grows is the:
mandibular arch and maxillary
When membrane gets ruptured:
you get stomedoeum (primary oral cavity). Start getting nasal placodes.
when all pharyngeal arches form you get:
tubular masses, blood vessels, cartilage. But they havn;t fused together yet. The swellings are important for formation of tongue
TUbe gets opened after ______ membrane ruptures and you get opening and somatomdeon forms which takes food down later in life
oropharyngeal
The ____ forms on the outside of the pharyngeal arch and the pouch forms on the inside.
groove
the 4 basic pharyngeal arch structure contains the following:
- cartilage bar
- nerve
- blood vessel
- skeletal muscle
From the first arch we have _____cartilage but it disappears. and doesnt give rise to anything in mandible or maxilla but there are bones in the inner ear and ligaments that are formed from Meckels cartilage.
meckels
The second arch cartilage gives rise to
stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, and lesser cornu of hyoid bone.
The fourth cartilage gives rise to thyroid and ____cartilage
cricoid.
The third arch cartilage gives rise to
body of hyoid bone
Somites have three components to them:
- Dermatomes (skin forming)
- Myotomes (give rise to muscle tissue in tongue)
- Skelatomes (bone forming area)
nerve that innervates occipital myotomes
12th CN - hypoglossal; muscles of tongue movement are innervated by this nerve
somites are formed in what germ layer?
mesoderm (3rd germ layer); notochord induces forming the somites
Copula comes from: _____All the bulges start becoming one.. If you look at adult tongue…diff areas are inn by diff nerves. Anterior part of tongue that comes from lingual swellings are innervated by sensorly. Sensory inn of anterior part of tongue at border of circumvale papillae are inn by ____nerve and come first mandibular arch.
remaining pharyngeal arches.
trigeminal
The posterior part of tongue gets sensory innervation through ____nerve. Some taste buds innervated by facial nerve in anterior part of tongue which comes from fusion of sweellings. The posterior part is joined effort of 3 branchial arches that form hypopharyngeal prominence thats why diff origins are diff.
glossopharyngeal
Tongue route and epiglottis comes from ___pharyngeal arch which is inn by vagus nerve.
4th
Thickened piece of epithelium: _____forming in fronto nasal prminence represent what would become the nostrils. Give rise to medial and lateral nasal prominence. The medial parts join together and become one which contributes to the formation of upper lip as well. The upper lip is a joint effort from maxillary process and ____ ___ prominence
placodes; fronto nasal
Pits start growing backward to become sac like structures and open up. The membrane that sep’s the nose from the opening to the oral cavity is the oral nasal membrane. As nostril starts dev the oral nasal membrane starts disappearing. This is the mid portion of the joining of the fronto nasal and maxillary processes that fuse together and form the _____ palate
primary
As dev continues a secondary palate forms. A bony plate forms to sep mouth from _____
nose
Initially you have primary palate that comes from nasal prominence and maxilla. From the inside of the fronto nasal process the nasal septum starts growing down. At the same time there are two parallel shelves of tissue that extend from maxillary process which all palatel shelves which is the ____septum. The palatal shelves flip up, then you start getting fusion from nasal septum and two palatal shelves.
nasal
The palatal shelves start fusing the secondary palate. They start from anterior portion behind incisors and start closing all the way to the back. You get cleft palates in ____palate. You could also have cleft palate bet primary and sec palate.
sec
Whats primary palate? Whats sec palate? What are specific tissues that give rise to them?
Look this up
The cranial base is where you have ____bone formation. Flat bones, cranial vault and facial bones are formed through ___bone formation. No cartilage model before they are formed
endochondral; direct (intramembranous)
