The only human cell we could see with the naked eye are the ______
oocytes
USe ____ and ____
SEM (passing e- beams across surface); TEM (shows up as dark if dense)
What is phase contrast
- only get light that passes directly through the sample to get a higher contrast
What is immunohistochemistry
Use antibodies specific to antigen we’re looking for (protein). Use second antibody for sample tagged with flourescent dye. You get multiple tags.
What is bright field microscopy
basophilic structures are stained with hemotoxilin (stained purple) –> DNA, RNA, and ribosomes and eosin( stained pink)–> cytoplasm and collagen
What is Periodic Acid Schiff
Detects carbohydrates. Turns magenta in prescence of aldehydes
What does acid phosphatase reaction detect
Detecs phosphatase enzyme activity. Specific for peroxisomes. Make phosphate and this will react with sulfide. You get color product.
What are the 4 main type of tissues
- Nervous tissue: found in SC, brain. Main cell is the neuron.
- Connective: Cells within an ECM matrix; bone, cartilage, blood, tendons, ligaments
- Epithelium: forms lining of body cavities, external surfaces and glands. Has specific polarity (apical and basal)
- Muscle: Subdivided into smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle. Smooth innervated by autonomic
What are the jobs of epithelium tissues
shape and number of layers; important for providing barriers for our body
types of connective tissues
Cartilage, adipose, bone, blood
What makes up the cytoplasmic matrix
mostly water, ions, enzyme and other macromoleucules
What are components of plasma membrane
phopholipid bilayer: forms a barrier to polar/charged molecules
- membrane proteins: transport, anchor and acts as receptors for the cell
- glycocalyx: coat covers exernal surface with carbs
- cholesterol: determines fluidity
WHat are properties of nucleus
bound by membranes. Store DNA. Has double bilyaer membrane and has pores to comm with other parts of the cell.
Heterochromatin: DNA thats not being transcribed; more dense
Euchchromatin: light staining; DNA that is activiely being transcribed.
Nucleolis: transcription of ribosomal RNAS. Stains dark!
What do you see on upclose view of EM
Double bilayer, nuclear pores (gaps bet bilayer)
What are components of mitochondria
Primary source of ATP
Carry TCA cycle and beta oxidation of fatty acids.
-Replicates by binary fission
-Synthesizes 8 of its own proteins
-99% of its proteins are encoded in the nucleus.
-Inner membrane is convulated; has cristae, inc surface area of mitochondrial membrane
-Outer membrane has a lot of channels permeable to water and ions. Protein composition is unique.
