Developmental Psych

Question 0

Insecure attachment

Answer 0

infant cannot be calmed after separation

Question 1

Secure Attachment

Answer 1

infant seeks proximity and contact

Question 2

Authoritarian

Answer 2

impose rules, expect obedience

Question 3

Permissive

Answer 3

make few demands, use little punishement, give into children

Question 4

Authoritative

Answer 4

demanding and responsive

Question 5

Kohlberg’s Stages

Answer 5

Theory of Moral Development (Sense of right/wrong)
Pre-Conventional Level:
Stage 1: Avoid Punishment
Stage 2: Further own interests
Conventional Level:
Stage 3: Expectations of others
Stage 4: “Doing one’s duty”
Post-Conventional Level:
Stage 5: Rules are relative but generally needed
Stage 6: universal Ethical Principles (Greater Good)

Question 6

Sensorimotor period

Answer 6

infant’s intelligence is wrapped up in sensations and actions
their thinking is limited to here and now
up to about 8 months, when an object passes out of an infants sight, they believe it has ceased to exist. over the next several months, they begin to develop object permanence (the notion that things continue to exist when they are out of sight)

Question 7

Pre-operational period

Answer 7

the child makes remarkable gains in memory, language development, and the ability to think with symbolically. However, in this stage there are still limitations that hamper a child’s thinking. The child lacks mental operations that form the basis of adult logic

Question 8

Concrete Operations

Answer 8

can now solve problems that would stump younger children

Question 9

Formal Operations

Answer 9

teens are able to apply mental operations to abstract or hypothetical situations

Question 10

Erikson’s Stages

Answer 10

infants- trust vs mistrust
toddlers- autonomy vs shame/doubt
young children- initiative vs guilt
older children- industry vs inferiority
adolescents- identity vs role confusion
young adults- intimacy vs isolation
adults- gererativity vs stagnation
elerly- ego integrity vs despair

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

incorporating new experiences into our existing framework

Question 12

accomodation

Answer 12

process of adjusting our old framework

Question 13

Social Learning Theory

Answer 13

children learn gender behaviors from imitation, observation and rewards/punishments

Question 14

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Answer 14

chromosomes

Question 15

a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosome

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes

Answer 16

genes

Question 17

the complete instructions for making an organims, consisting of the genetic material in its chromosomes

Answer 17

genome

Question 18

the principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Answer 18

natural selection

Question 19

a random error in gene replication

Answer 19

mutation

Question 20

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

Answer 20

evolutionary psychology

Question 21

the characteristics by which people define male and female

Answer 21

gender

Question 22

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Answer 22

behavior genetics

Question 23

every non genetic influence

Answer 23

environment

Question 24

twins who develop from a single fertilized egg

Answer 24

identical twins

Question 25

twins who develop from separate eggs

Answer 25

fraternal twins

Question 26

a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Answer 26

temperament

Question 27

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes

Answer 27

heritability

Question 28

the dependence of the effect of one factor on another factor

Answer 28

interaction

Question 29

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes

Answer 29

molecular genetics

Question 30

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Answer 30

culture

Question 31

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

Answer 31

norm

Question 32

the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

Answer 32

personal space

Question 33

self-replicating ideas, fashions, and innovations passed from person to person

Answer 33

memes

Question 34

the sex chromosome found in both men and women

Answer 34

X chromosome

Question 35

the sex chromosome found only in males

Answer 35

Y Chromosome

Question 36

the most important or the male sex hormones

Answer 36

testosterone

Question 37

a set of expectations about a social position

Answer 37

role

Question 38

a set of expected behaviors for males and females

Answer 38

gender role

Question 39

ones sense of being male or female

Answer 39

gender identity

Question 40

the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Answer 40

gender typing

Question 41

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Answer 41

social learning theory

Question 42

the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female

Answer 42

gender schema theory

Question 43

a branch of psychology that studies phycial, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Answer 43

developmental psychology

Question 44

the fertilized egg

Answer 44

zygote

Question 45

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

Answer 45

embryo

Question 46

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Answer 46

fetus

Question 47

agents that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Answer 47

teratogens

Question 48

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant women drinking

Answer 48

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 49

a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to open the mouth and search for the nipple

Answer 49

rooting reflex

Question 50

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Answer 50

maturaiton

Question 51

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Answer 51

schema

Question 52

interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas

Answer 52

assimilation

Question 53

adapting one's current understanding to incorporate new information

Answer 53

accommodation

Question 54

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Answer 54

cognition

Question 55

the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Answer 55

conservation