Diabetes Overview Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is diabetes?
A group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to deficient insulin secretion and resistance to insulin action.
What are the most common types of diabetes?
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
What types of diabetes also exist besides type 1 and type 2?
Gestational and secondary diabetes.
What is diabetes insipidus?
A condition where water cannot be properly controlled by the body due to decreased amounts of ADH.
What are the symptoms of diabetes insipidus?
Passing a lot of urine and dehydration.
What are the two types of diabetes insipidus?
- Cranial insipidus
- Nephrogenic insipidus
What happens in cranial insipidus?
The brain produces less ADH.
What occurs in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Kidneys are resistant to the effects of ADH.
What are the treatments for diabetes insipidus?
- Vasopressin
- Desmopressin
What side effect can desmopressin cause?
Hyponatremic convulsions.
What must drivers treated with insulin inform DVLA?
They must notify about complications.
What does DVLA advise regarding hypoglycemia for drivers?
Know about hypoglycemia, carry a glucose meter, and check blood glucose two hours before driving and every two hours while driving.
How does alcohol affect hypoglycemia?
It masks the signs of hypo, so it should be consumed with moderation and food.
After blood glucose level returns to normal, how long should one wait before driving?
45 minutes.
What test is used in gestational diabetes?
Oral glucose tolerance test.
What does the oral glucose tolerance test involve?
Measuring blood glucose concentration after eight hours of fasting and two hours after drinking a standard and high-risk glucose drink.
What does HbA1c measure?
Glycated hemoglobin.
What does HbA1c indicate?
The average glucose over two to three months.
When is HbA1c not used?
In pregnancy, suspected type 1 diabetes, and in children.
What is urine analysis used for in diabetes?
To test for glucose in the urine.
When are ketones hardly required?
When patients become really unwell.
What does blood glucose monitoring involve?
Self-monitoring to detect hypo- and hypoglycemia.
Why should patients be properly trained in blood glucose monitoring?
To effectively detect hypo- and hypoglycemia.
