Type 1 Diabetes Flashcards
(30 cards)
Blood glucose ranges
What is required for Type 1 diabetes management?
Insulin replacement
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the pancreas’s inability to produce insulin.
What factors influence the dose of insulin for Type 1 diabetes?
Exercise and food
Insulin dosage needs to be adjusted based on physical activity and carbohydrate intake.
What medication may benefit Type 1 diabetes patients with a BMI above 25?
Metformin
Metformin can enhance insulin sensitivity and improve glycemic control.
What additional support do Type 1 diabetics receive besides insulin?
Dietary advice and weight control
Managing diet is crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels.
What is insulin?
A polypeptide hormone secreted by the pancreas
Insulin plays a key role in glucose metabolism.
What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose concentration?
Lowers blood glucose concentration
Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by the cells.
What is the natural profile of insulin?
Basal, slow and steady in the background
This profile maintains blood glucose levels between meals.
What type of insulin is released at mealtime?
Bolus insulin
Bolus insulin is released in response to food intake.
What are the three types of insulin?
- Human insulin
- Analog human insulin
- Animal insulin
Each type has distinct characteristics and uses.
How is human insulin produced?
Lab-made
Human insulin is synthesized using recombinant DNA technology.
What is the purpose of analog human insulin?
Modified to be absorbed faster or have long duration of action
These modifications allow for better glycemic control.
What is animal insulin made from?
Bovine or porcine sources
Animal insulin was commonly used before the advent of human insulin.
Why is insulin administered by subcutaneous injection?
Inactivated by GI enzymes
Oral administration is ineffective due to insulin’s breakdown in the digestive tract.
What are the good areas for subcutaneous fat injection?
- Abdomen
- Outer thigh
- Buttocks
These areas have sufficient fat for effective insulin absorption.
What complication can arise from repeatedly injecting in the same area?
Lipo-hypertrophy
This condition can affect insulin absorption and efficacy.
What types of insulin preparations exist?
- Short-acting insulin
- Intermediate-acting insulin
- Long-acting insulin
Each type has specific timing for action and duration.
Fill in the blank: Insulin preparations can be _______.
short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting
These classifications help determine dosing schedules.
What severe harm can occur from withdrawing insulin from a pen device?
Severe harm and death can happen due to withdrawing insulin from a pen device
This can lead to fatal overdose.
What can lead to an overdose of insulin?
Overdose of insulin can occur due to abbreviations or incorrect device
Always use insulin pens and devices to measure insulin.
What advice does the MHRA give regarding insulin?
The MHRA advises about the risk of cutaneous amyloidosis at the injection site
Insulin injections can lead to deposits under the skin.
What is cutaneous amyloidosis?
Deposits under the skin due to insulin injections
This interferes with insulin absorption and administration.
What should not be abbreviated when measuring insulin?
Units or international units should not be abbreviated
This is critical for accurate dosing.
How can patients avoid hypoglycemia?
Through appropriate adjustment of insulin type, dose and frequency, and eating meals appropriately
It is essential for patients to be educated on managing their insulin regimen effectively.
