Hyperthyroidism Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is hyperthyroidism?
The excessive production of thyroid hormones leading to thyrotoxicosis
Hyperthyroidism is characterized by low TSH and high T4 levels.
What are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
- Goiter
- Hyperactivity
- Disturbed sleep
- Fatigue
- Palpitations
- Anxiety
Hyperthyroidism also leads to weight loss.
What can cause thyrotoxicosis aside from hyperthyroidism?
Taking thyroid medications
This can occur in patients who are treated with thyroid hormone replacement.
What are the non-drug treatments for hyperthyroidism?
- Radioactive iodine
- Surgery
Antithyroid drugs should be given while waiting for surgery.
What are the symptoms of thyroid storm?
- Fast heart rate
- Increased temperature
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
Thyroid storm is a medical emergency.
What should be done for a patient in thyroid storm?
Refer urgently and give radioactive iodine
Radioactive iodine is contraindicated in pregnancy.
Which antithyroid drug can be used in the second trimester of pregnancy?
Carbimazole
Propylthiouracil can cause hepatotoxicity.
What is the preferred antithyroid drug in the first trimester of pregnancy?
Propylthiouracil
Carbimazole can cause congenital malformations.
What adverse effects can carbimazole cause?
- Neutropenia
- Agranulocytosis
- Pancreatitis
- Blood disorders
- Congenital problems
These effects necessitate careful monitoring.
What adverse effects can propylthiouracil cause?
- Alopecia
- Fever
- Taste alterations
- Liver disorders
Liver function tests (LFT) should be monitored.
What must be checked before starting propylthiouracil?
Full blood count and liver function tests (LFT)
This ensures safety and monitoring of side effects.
What is blocking replacement therapy?
Prescribing both hypo- and hyper-treatment to normalize thyroid state
It involves a high dose of antithyroid drug to block thyroid production.
What should be avoided during pregnancy regarding blocking replacement therapy?
It should not be used
Safety of the fetus is a priority.
What is the role of levothyroxine in thyroid treatment?
To replace thyroid hormone
Regular blood tests are needed to monitor and adjust levels.
What should women wanting to conceive do if they have hyperthyroidism?
Refer to an endocrinologist
They must use contraception until advice has been sought.
How long should women wait before getting pregnant after receiving radioactive iodine?
Six months
This allows the thyroid to stabilize.
