diagnostic tests Flashcards
(18 cards)
Echocardiography
ultrasound waves emitted from device placed on the chest or esophagus to create real-time images of the heart’s chambers, valves, and function.
Exercise Tolerance Testing
Involves walking on a treadmill or pedaling a stationary bike while heart rate, ECG, and blood pressure are continuously monitored to evaluate heart performance under stress.
Respiratory Rate
Counted by observing chest movement or placing a hand on the chest/abdomen to determine the number of breaths per minute at rest.
Oximetry
small device (pulse oximeter) clipped to a finger, toe, or earlobe uses light absorption through the skin to estimate blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels.
Nerve Conduction Studies
Surface electrodes stimulate nerves with mild electrical impulses and record the response speed and strength to evaluate nerve function or damage.
Electromyography (EMG)
inserting fine needle electrodes into muscles to detect electrical activity at rest and during contraction, assessing nerve and muscle health
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electrodes placed on the scalp detect and record electrical activity in the brain; waveforms are analyzed for abnormalities such as epilepsy or brain dysfunction
Evoked Potentials
Electrodes measure brain response to specific sensory stimuli (visual flashes, sounds, or skin touches) to assess sensory nerve pathways
Tympanometry & Tuning Fork Tests
Tympanometry uses a probe in the ear canal to change pressure and emit tones, measuring middle ear response. Tuning forks assess hearing via air and bone conduction
Otoscopic Examination
A handheld otoscope with a light and magnifying lens is inserted into the ear canal to visually inspect the tympanic membrane and canal for signs of infection or abnormalities
Pure Tone Audiometry
Conducted in a soundproof booth; the patient wears headphones and signals when hearing tones of varying pitch and loudness to determine hearing thresholds.
Endoscopy
A flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) is inserted into the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract via the mouth or anus to visually examine internal organs and tissues
Measurement of Muscle and Sphincter Function
Manometry involves inserting a catheter with pressure sensors into the esophagus, rectum, or urethra to measure muscle contractions and sphincter function.
Ophthalmic Imaging
Includes retinal photography or Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), using light waves to take cross-section images of the retina and optic nerve
Intraocular Pressure Measurements
Measured using tonometry (contact or non-contact); a device applies a puff of air or gentle pressure to the cornea to gauge fluid pressure inside the eye.
Free Flow Rate
The patient urinates into a special toilet or funnel that measures the rate and volume of urine flow to detect urinary obstruction.
Cystometry
catheter is used to fill the bladder with fluid while measuring pressure changes in the bladder and abdomen to assess bladder function and sensation.
what do Vascular Scans use
doppler ultrasound
