Diencephalon

Question 1

What are the two major subdivisions of the diencephalon?

Answer 1

Pars dorsalis
Pars ventralis

Question 2

What separates the pars dorsalis and pars ventralis?

Answer 2

Hypothalamic sulcus

Question 3

What makes up the pars dorsalis?

Answer 3

Thalamus
Metathalamus
Epithalamus

Question 4

What makes up the metathalamus?

Answer 4

Medial and lateral geniculate bodies

Question 5

What makes up the epithalamus?

Answer 5

Pineal gland
habenular nuclei and commissure
Posterior commissure
Stria medullaris thalami

Question 6

What makes up the pars ventralis?

Answer 6

Subthalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 7

What divides the thalamus into a medial and lateral group?

Answer 7

Internal medullary lamina

Question 8

What covers the lateral surface of the thalamus?

Answer 8

External medullary lamina

Question 9

What are the three basic groups in the thalamus?

Answer 9

Anterior group
Medial/dorsomedial group
Lateral group

Question 10

What are the subdivisions the ventrolateral group of the thalamus?

Answer 10

Ventral anterior
Ventral lateral
Ventral posterior medial and lateral
Medial geniculate body
Lateral geniculate body

Question 11

What are divisions of the dorsolateral group of the hypothalamus?

Answer 11

Lateral dorsal
Lateral posterior
Pulvinar

Question 12

What structures project to the ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei of the thalamus?

Answer 12

Basal ganglia
Cerebellum

Question 13

Where do the ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei of thalamus project?

Answer 13

Motor areas

Question 14

What structures project to the ventral posterolateral and ventral posteromedial nuclei?

Answer 14

Medial lemniscus
Spinothalamic tract

Question 15

Where do the ventral posterolateral and ventral posteromedial nuclei project?

Answer 15

Somatosensory cortex

Question 16

What structure projects to the medial geniculate body?

Answer 16

Brachium of inferior colliculus

Question 17

Where does the medial geniculate body project to?

Answer 17

Auditory cortex

Question 18

What projects to the lateral geniculate body?

Answer 18

Optic tract

Question 19

Where does the lateral geniculate body project to?

Answer 19

Visual cortex

Question 20

What structure projects to the anterior thalamus?

Answer 20

Mammillothalamic tract

Question 21

Where does the anterior thalamus project to?

Answer 21

Cingulate gyrus

Question 22

What part of the thalamus is related to the head?

Answer 22

VPM

Question 23

What part of the thalamus is related to the body?

Answer 23

VPL

Question 24

What is the function of the dorsomedial group of the thalamus?

Answer 24

Provides mood of feeling tone to the emotional aspect of behavior
Integrating center for somatic and visceral impulses

Question 25

What is the function of the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 25

Convey information to motor area of frontal lobe

Question 26

What is the function of the ventral lateral nucleus?

Answer 26

Prime mover of motor pathway

Question 27

What is the function of ventral posterior nucleus?

Answer 27

Largest somatosensory relay nucleus

Question 28

What is the function of the medial geniculate body?

Answer 28

Auditory pathway Perception of painful stimuli

Question 29

What is the function of the intralaminar nuclei?

Answer 29

Control of electrocortical activity of cerebral cortex Influences levels of sensations and consciousness

Question 30

What is the function of the midline nucleus of the thalamus?

Answer 30

Regulation of visceral activities

Question 31

What is the function of the reticular thalamic nucleus?

Answer 31

Likely concerned with regulation of intrathalamic activity

Question 32

What is the function of the lateral geniculate body?

Answer 32

Concerned with visual pathway

Question 33

What occurs with a lesion to the thalamus?

Answer 33

Sensory loss Possible choreo-athetosis with ataxia

Question 34

What are the nuclei of the medial zone of the hypothalamus?

Answer 34

Part of preoptic nucleus Anterior nucleus Part of suprachiasmatic nucleus Paraventricular nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus Ventromedial nucleus Arcuate nucleus Posterior nucleus

Question 35

What are the nuclei of the lateral zone of the hypothalamus?

Answer 35

Part of preoptic nucleus Part of suprachiasmatic nucleus Supraoptic nucleus Lateral nucleus Tuberomammillary nucleus

Question 36

From where does the hypothalamus receive afferents?

Answer 36

Medial and spinal lemniscus Tractus solitarius Reticular formation Visual fibers Medial forebrain bundle Auditory fibers Corticohypothalamic fibers Hippocampohypothalamic fibers Amygdalohypothalamic fibers Thalamohypothalamic fibers

Question 37

To where does the hypothalamus send efferents?

Answer 37

Descending fibers in RF to brainstem and spinal cord Mammillothalamic tract Mammillotegmental tract

Question 38

What two nuclei of the hypothalamus send fibers to the posterior pituitary?

Answer 38

Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei via hypothalmohypophyseal tract

Question 39

What hormones are synthesized in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei that act in the posterior pituitary?

Answer 39

Vasopressin Oxytocin

Question 40

What hypothalamic nuclei produce hormones that are sent to the anterior pituitary?

Answer 40

Tuberal and infundibular nuclei via tubero-infundibular tract and hypothalamohypophyseal portal system

Question 41

What is the function of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus?

Answer 41

Control PsNS system Heat dissipation

Question 42

What are the functions of the preoptic nucleus of hypothalamus?

Answer 42

Sex regulation Control PsNS system

Question 43

What is the function of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Answer 43

Synthesizes oxytocin

Question 44

What is the function of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Answer 44

Synthesizes vasopressing/ADH

Question 45

What is the function of posterior hypothalamus?

Answer 45

Heat conservation Control SyNS activity

Question 46

What is the function of the lateral hypothalamic nuclei?

Answer 46

Hunger and thirst center Emotion and behavior

Question 47

What is the function of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus?

Answer 47

Satiety center Emotion and behavior

Question 48

What is the function of the suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nucleus?

Answer 48

Controls circadian rhythms

Question 49

What is the function of the arcuate nucleus?

Answer 49

Releasing and inhibiting hormones