Sensory system

Question 1

What are exteroreceptors?

Answer 1

Sensitive to stimuli arising from outside the body

Question 2

What are interoceptors?

Answer 2

Receive stimuli from viscera

Question 3

What are proprioceptors?

Answer 3

Monitor degree of stretch - body position sense

Question 4

What are mechanoreceptors?

Answer 4

Respond to mechanical forces

Question 5

What are thermoreceptors?

Answer 5

Respond to changes in temperature

Question 6

What are Nociceptors?

Answer 6

Respond to harmful stimul/pain

Question 7

What are electromagnetic receptors?

Answer 7

Respond to changes in light intensity and wavelength

Question 8

What are chemoreceptors?

Answer 8

Responds to chemical changes associated with taste and smell, and concentrations in blood

Question 9

What are the nonencapsulated receptors?

Answer 9

Free nerve endings
Merckel’s discs
Hair follicle receptors

Question 10

What are the encapsulated receptors?

Answer 10

Meissner’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Ruffini’s corpuscles
Neuromuscular spindles
Neurotendinous spindles

Question 11

What is the spinocuneocerebellar tract?

Answer 11

DCML relay for conscious proprioception

Question 12

What are epicritic receptors sensitive to?

Answer 12

Vibration
Conscious proprioception
Fine touch

Question 13

What are protopathic receptors sensitive to?

Answer 13

Diffuse touch
Temperature
Pain

Question 14

What are the three general parts of the ascending sensory pathway?

Answer 14

First-order neuron with cell body in dorsal root ganglion
Second-order neuron with axon that decussates and ascends
Third-order neuron usually in thalamus that projects to cerebral cortex

Question 15

What ascending tract is for pain and temperature?

Answer 15

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 16

What ascending tract is for light touch and pressure?

Answer 16

Anterior spinothalamic tract

Question 17

What ascending tract is for discriminative touch?

Answer 17

Posterior white columns

Question 18

What ascending tract is for unconscious information from the muscles, joints, skin, and subcutaneous tissues?

Answer 18

Anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
Cuneocerebellar tract

Question 19

What is the ascending tract for spinovisual reflexes?

Answer 19

Spinotectal tract

Question 20

What tract provides an indirect pathway for information to reach cerebellum?

Answer 20

Spino-olivary tract

Question 21

What are clinical features of DCML lesions?

Answer 21

Decreased 2-point discrimination
Decreased vibratory sense
Decreased proprioception
Astereognosis
Unilateral extinction
Agraphesthesia

Question 22

What is the main pathway for pain and temperature?

Answer 22

Free nerve endings
Posterior root ganglion
Lateral spinothalamic tract and spinal lemniscus
Substantia gelatinosa
VPL of thalamus
Posterior central gyrus

Question 23

What is the main pathway for light touch and pressure?

Answer 23

Free nerve endings
Posterior root ganglion
Anterior spinothalamic tract and spinal lemniscus
Substantia gelatinosa
VPL of thalamus
Posterior central gyrus

Question 24

What is the main pathway for discriminative touch, vibratory sense, and proprioception?

Answer 24

Meissner corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle, muscle spindles
Posterior root ganglion
Fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus, and medial lemniscus
Nuclei gracilis and cuneatus
VPL of thalamus
Posterior central gyrus

Question 25

What would you see with a lateral spinothalamic lesion?

Answer 25

Loss of pain and temperature below the level of the lesion

Question 26

What would you see with anterior spinothalamic lesion?

Answer 26

Loss of light touch and pressure below the level of the lesion

Question 27

What would you see with dorsal fasciculi lesion?

Answer 27

Ipsilateral loss of vibration and tactile discrimination Ipsilateral ataxia

Question 28

What are the characteristics of Brown-Sequard syndrome?

Answer 28

Total loss of sensation at level of lesion Loss of tactile discrimination, vibration, and proprioception of limb on side of lesion Loss of pain and temperature of opposite limb

Question 29

What can cause Horner syndrome?

Answer 29

Lesion of brainstem or cervical part of spinal cord Compression of stellate ganglion

Question 30

What is the general idea of Gating theory of pain?

Answer 30

Non-painful tactile stimulation can lesson pain felt