Cerebrum

Question 1

What are the 6 layers of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 1

Molecular
External granular
External pyramidal
Internal granular
Internal pyramidal
Multiform

Question 2

What characterizes cortical areas that do not give off long axons?

Answer 2

Fewer pyramidal cells and more granular cells

Called granular areas

Question 3

What characterizes cortical areas that give off long axons?

Answer 3

More pyramidal cells and fewer granular cells

Called agranular areas

Question 4

What are the major sulci?

Answer 4

Lateral/sylvian sulcus
Central/rolando sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Calcarine sulcus

Question 5

What is Brodmann area 4?

Answer 5

Primary motor area

Question 6

What is Brodmann area 6?

Answer 6

Premotor area

Question 7

What is Brodmann area 8?

Answer 7

Frontal eye field

Question 8

What are Brodmann areas 44 and 45?

Answer 8

Motor speech areas

Question 9

What are Brodmann areas 3, 1, and 2?

Answer 9

Primary sensory areas

Question 10

What are Brodmann areas 5 and 7?

Answer 10

Sensory association areas

Question 11

What Brodmann area corresponds with Wernicke’s area?

Answer 11

Area 22

Question 12

What are Brodmann areas 41 and 42?

Answer 12

Primary auditory areas

Question 13

What corresponds to Brodmann area 22?

Answer 13

Secondary auditory area/auditory association area

Question 14

What corresponds to Brodmann area 17?

Answer 14

Primary visual/striate area

Question 15

What corresponds to Brodmann areas 18 and 19?

Answer 15

Secondary visual/visual association areas

Question 16

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

Answer 16

Part of precentral gyrus

Question 17

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

Answer 17

Postcentral gyrus

Question 18

What can cause agnosia?

Answer 18

Damage to a unimodal association area

Question 19

What occurs with a lesion of the dominant superior parietal lobule?

Answer 19

Astereognosis - inability to recognize objects by touch

Question 20

What conditions are related to lesions of the dominant inferior parietal lobule?

Answer 20

Receptive aphasia
Gerstmann syndrome
Alexia with agraphia
Tactile agnosia
Ideomotor apraxia
Ideational apraxia

Question 21

What is the primary responsibility of the nondominant hemisphere?

Answer 21

3D or spatial perception, and nonverbal ideation

Question 22

What condition is related to a lesion of the nondominant superior parietal lobule?

Answer 22

Contralateral neglect

Question 23

What condition is related to a lesion of the nondominant inferior parietal lobule?

Answer 23

Left-side hemineglect

Question 24

What condition is related to a lesion of the nondominant inferior frontal gyrus?

Answer 24

Expressive dysprody -cannot express emotion in speech

Question 25

What condition is related to a lesion of the nondominant superior temporal gyrus?

Answer 25

Receptive dysprody - cannot comprehend emotion of speech

Question 26

What occurs with a lesion of the primary motor area?

Answer 26

Contralateral flaccid paralysis of body

Question 27

What indicates a lesion of the frontal eye field?

Answer 27

Eyes deviate to side of lesion and cannot turn to opposite side

Question 28

What indicates a lesion of the secondary auditory area?

Answer 28

Inability to interpret meaning of sounds - auditory verbal agnosia

Question 29

What is damaged to cause conduction aphasia?

Answer 29

Arcuate fasciculus

Question 30

What are the symptoms of Gerstmann syndrome?

Answer 30

Alexia Agraphia Acalculia Finger agnosia Right to left confusion

Question 31

What is apraxia?

Answer 31

Loss of ability to execute planned movements

Question 32

What are signs of an anterior cerebral A occlusion?

Answer 32

Contralateral weakness and sensory loss mainly in lower extreminities

Question 33

What are signs of a middle cerebral A occlusion?

Answer 33

Contralateral hemiplegia of face and upper extremity and hemianaesthesia Aphasia is left-side lesion Apraxia

Question 34

What are signs of posterior cerebral A occlusion?

Answer 34

Contralateral hemianopia and hemianaesthesia

Question 35

What are the classifications of white matter fibers in the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 35

Association fibers Commissural fibers Projection fibers

Question 36

What are association fibers?

Answer 36

Interconnect cortical sites lying within one cerebral hemisphere

Question 37

What are commissural fibers?

Answer 37

Run from one cerebral hemisphere to the other connecting functionally related structures

Question 38

What are projection fibers?

Answer 38

Pass between cerebral cortex and subcortical structures

Question 39

What is the uncinate fasciculus?

Answer 39

Association fiber connecting motor speech and orbital cortex of frontal lobe to temporal lobe

Question 40

What is the arcuate fasciculus?

Answer 40

Association fiber connecting Broca's and Wernicke's areas

Question 41

What is the superior longitudinal fasciculus?

Answer 41

Association fiber connecting frontal lobe to occipital and frontal lobes

Question 42

What is the inferior longitudinal fasciculus?

Answer 42

Association fiber connecting visual associated areas of occipital lobe to the temporal lobe

Question 43

What is the fronto-occipital fasciculus?

Answer 43

Association fiber from frontal pole into occipital and temporal lobes

Question 44

What are the commissural fibers?

Answer 44

Corpus callosum Anterior commissure Posterior commissure Optic chiasm Habenular commissure Fornix/hippocampal commissure

Question 45

What is connected by the anterior commissure?

Answer 45

Lower and anterior temporal lobes Olfactory regions

Question 46

What is connected by the posterior commissure?

Answer 46

Superior colliculi, pretectal, and interstitial nuclei

Question 47

What is the internal capsule?

Answer 47

Bundle of projection fibers between the thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and the lentiform nucleus laterally

Question 48

What are the five parts of the internal capsule?

Answer 48

Anterior limb Posterior limb Genu - bend Retrolenticular Sublenticular

Question 49

What is the main function of the internal capsule?

Answer 49

Interconnects cerebral cortex with brainstem and spinal cord

Question 50

What is the main arterial supply to the internal capsule?

Answer 50

Striate branches of MCA Striate branches of ACA Central branches of anterior choroidal A

Question 51

What are minor arterial contributions of the internal capsule?

Answer 51

Direct branches from ICA Central branches of posterior communicating A Posterolateral central branches of PCA

Question 52

What occurs with internal capsule lesion?

Answer 52

Contralateral hemiplegia - spastic

Question 53

What is a common artery that ruptures causing internal capsule damage?

Answer 53

Charcot's a of cerebral hemorrhage