Cranial cavity

Question 1

What is the bregma?

Answer 1

Meeting point of the coronal and sagittal sutures

Question 2

What is the lambda?

Answer 2

Meeting point of the sagittal and lamdoid sutures

Question 3

What are the granular foveole?

Answer 3

Pits on either side of the sagittal sulcus that house arachnoid granulations

Question 4

What is the Pterion?

Answer 4

Thinnest part of the lateral wall of the skull
Marks the junction between the parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and frontal bones

Question 5

What can occur with an injury over the pterion?

Answer 5

Epidural hemorrhage
Related to middle meningeal artery and vein

Question 6

What are emissary veins?

Answer 6

Valveless veins that pass through skulll bones connecting the veins of the scalp to the venous sinuses inside the cranial cavity

Question 7

What is the dangerous area of the scalp?

Answer 7

4th layer of loose CT

Question 8

What are the 3 cranial fossae and there separations?

Answer 8

Anterior cranial fossa
Separation - lesser wing of sphenoid
Middle cranial fossa
Separation - petrous part of temporal bone
Posterior cranial fossa

Question 9

What is the cristal galli?

Answer 9

Sharp upward projection of ethmoid bone in the anterior cranial fossa
Site of attachment for falx cerebri

Question 10

Where does the olfactory nerve leave the cranial cavity?

Answer 10

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 11

What structures pass through the optic canal?

Answer 11

Optic N
Ophthalmic A branch of ICA

Question 12

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 12

Oculomotor N
Trochlear N
CN V1 - ophthalmic division of trigeminal N
Abducens N
Superior ophthalmic vein

Question 13

What does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into?

Answer 13

Cavernous sinus

Question 14

What passes through the foramen rotundum?

Answer 14

Maxillary branch of trigeminal N (CN V2)

Question 15

What passes through the foramen ovale?

Answer 15

Mandibular branch of trigeminal N (CN V3)

Question 16

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

Answer 16

Middle meningeal A

Question 17

What is the sella turcica?

Answer 17

Hypophysial fossa
Accommodates pituitary gland
On sphenoid bone

Question 18

What structures pass through the foramen magnum?

Answer 18

Medulla oblongata
Meninges
Vertebral A
Spinal roots of spinal accessory nerves

Question 19

Where does the hypoglossal N leave the cranial cavity?

Answer 19

Hypoglossal N - CN XII

Question 20

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

Answer 20

Glossopharyngeal N
Vagus N
Spinal accessory N
Sigmoid and inferior petrosal sinuses

Question 21

What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 21

Facial N
Vestibulocochlear N
Labyrinthine A

Question 22

What is scaphocephaly?

Answer 22

Premature fusion of sagittal suture

Question 23

What is brachycephaly?

Answer 23

Premature fusion of the coronal and lamboidal sutures

Question 24

What is plagiocephaly?

Answer 24

Premature fusion of the coronal and lambdoid sutures on one side of the skull

Question 25

What will prevent fontanelles from fusing?

Answer 25

Vit D deficiency

Question 26

When should the anterior fontanelle close by?

Answer 26

18 months

Question 27

When should the posterior fontanelle close by?

Answer 27

1 year old

Question 28

What are the layers of dura mater?

Answer 28

Endosteal layer - outer Meningeal layer - inner

Question 29

What is a characteristic of arachnoid mater?

Answer 29

Avascular

Question 30

What are the dural folds?

Answer 30

Falx cerebri Falx cerebelli Tentorium cerebelli Diaphragm sellae

Question 31

What is the location of the cavernous sinus?

Answer 31

Either side of sella turcica

Question 32

What are the tributaries of the cavernous sinus?

Answer 32

Superior ophthalmic V Inferior ophthalmic V Central V of retina Sphenoparietal sinus

Question 33

What does the cavernous sinus drain into?

Answer 33

Petrosal sinus to internal jugular V

Question 34

What structures pass through the cavernous sinus?

Answer 34

Oculomotor N Trochlear N Ophthalmic N Maxillary N (V2) Abducent N ICA

Question 35

How can a tooth infection spread to the cavernous sinus?

Answer 35

Through pterygoid venous plexus

Question 36

What artery is involved in an epidural hemorrhage?

Answer 36

Anterior branch of middle meningeal A

Question 37

What is the characteristic shape of epidural hemorrhage?

Answer 37

Elliptical in shape and hyperdense

Question 38

What type of hemorrhage can cross the midline?

Answer 38

Epidural hemorrhage

Question 39

What artery is involved in a intracerebral hemorrhage?

Answer 39

Middle cerebral A

Question 40

What are three things that can caused communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 40

Arachnoiditis Choroid plexus papilloma Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 41

What is filum terminale?

Answer 41

Delicate, glistening thread-like structure that extends from conus medullaris to first coccygeal vertebra

Question 42

What are the two parts of the filum terminale?

Answer 42

Externum - outside dural sac - 5 cm Internum - within dural sac - 15 cm

Question 43

What structure is the filum terminale related to?

Answer 43

Pia mater

Question 44

What is the subarachnoid septum?

Answer 44

Mid sagittal pial septum that connects dorsal surface of spinal cord with arachnoid mater

Question 45

What is the linea splendens?

Answer 45

Pial septum into anterior medial fissure

Question 46

What is the ligamentum denticulata?

Answer 46

Two transparent bands extending laterally between posterior and anterior nerve roots from pia mater that cover the cord