Digestive (Friedman)

Question 1

Mouth & associated organs

Answer 1

mouth, uvula, tongue, & calivary glands

Question 2

mouth

Answer 2

if it is cut (mucosa cells produce antimicrobial peptides to protect against infection)

Question 3

conical muscular structure in the back of throat - prevent food going down through the breathing passage while swallowing - involved in speach

Answer 3

uvula

Question 4

made of skeletal muscle - mixes food with saliva to create a compact ball of food /initiates swallowing

Answer 4

tongue

Question 5

cleans & moisten mouth and food, contain ensyme amylase to break down carbohydrates, dissolve food chemicals so it could be tasted

Answer 5

saliva

Question 6

salive

Answer 6

95% water + ions (Na, K, Cl,…) enzymes

Question 7

external components of teeth

Answer 7

crown, neck, & root

Question 8

visible portion of teeth above gum line (teeth)

Answer 8

crown

Question 9

area where the crown joins the root (teeth)

Answer 9

neck

Question 10

portion of teeth embedded in the jow (teeth)

Answer 10

root (have between 1-3 roots)

Question 11

internal components of teeth

Answer 11

enamel, dentin, & pulp cavity

Question 12

composed of calcium salt; protects teeth from wear and tear of chewing, protects against acid that can dissolve dentin (teeth)

Answer 12

enamel

Question 13

protein rich bone like material, made of calcium give tooh its rigidity (teeth)

Answer 13

dentin

Question 14

connective tissue containing blood vessels, nerve, and lymphatic vessels (teeth)

Answer 14

pulp cavity

Question 15

dental diseases

Answer 15

dental plaques, cavities, & gingivitis

Question 16

a film of sugar & bacteria that adhere to the teeth (teeth)

Answer 16

dental plaques

Question 17

demineralization of enamel and dentin by bacteria (teeth)

Answer 17

cavities

Question 18

result of enremoved plaque that could disrupts the deal between teeth and gum allowing bacteria to infect the gum (teeth)

Answer 18

gingivitis

Question 19

connects mouth throat to stomach

Answer 19

esophagus

Question 20

closes the larynx when food passes through pharynx

Answer 20

epiglottis

Question 21

muscle that controls food entry to stomach - prevent gastric juices to move back into esophagus

Answer 21

gastroesophageal sphincter

Question 22

stomach (location)

Answer 22

left quadrant of abdominal cavity, underneath the diaphragm

Question 23

stomach (function)

Answer 23

temporary food storage before small intestine - initial breakdown of proteins & lipids - produce chyme (creamy paste)

Question 24

stomach (size)

Answer 24

empty 50ml - full up to 4L

Question 25

fold in the stomach wall that allows the stomache size to increase

Answer 25

rugae

Question 26

acidic environment (stomach)

Answer 26

lots of H+ ions because of HCI in stomach - 100,000 fold more acidic that blood

Question 27

protection of stomach against its acidic environment

Answer 27

alkaline (basic) mucous layer that protect the cells & fast replacement of cells

Question 28

can we survive without a stomach?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

erosion on the stomach wall caused by bacteria with a drill like head to breach/destroy the mucosal layer (stomache)

Answer 29

gastric ulcers

Question 30

sphincter controls how much food enters small intestine

Answer 30

puyloric sphincter

Question 31

components of small inestine

Answer 31

1. duodenum (25cm) 2. jejunum (8ft) 3. Ileum (10ft)

Question 32

duodenum

Answer 32

-bile ducts ends there delivering bile from liver - pancreatic duct ends there delivering pancreatic juices - digestion and absorption of all nutrients is either initiated or continues

Question 33

component of small intestine responsible for food absorption

Answer 33

jejunum

Question 34

component of small intestine responsible for nutrients absorption

Answer 34

ileum

Question 35

function of large intestine

Answer 35

-water reabsorption -removal of waste -breakdown of fiber

Question 36

components of large intestine

Answer 36

cecum, colon, rectum, & anal canal

Question 37

first part of large intestine, connecting small intestine to ascending colon (large intestine)

Answer 37

cecum

Question 38

move waste products out of the body, absorb water, and break down fiber (large intestine)

Answer 38

colon

Question 39

final portion of large intestine, storage of feces

Answer 39

rectum

Question 40

colon (3 parts)

Answer 40

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon

Question 41

accessory organs of digestive system

Answer 41

1. liver 2. gallbladder 3. pancreas

Question 42

liver (function)

Answer 42

filter and process nutrient rich blood delivered from the GI tract - secrete bile essential for food digestion

Question 43

liver (location)

Answer 43

top right hand of abdominal cavity, underneath the diaphragm. largest organ

Question 44

liver has ______ main lobes

Answer 44

2 main lobes (large right lobe and small left lobe)

Question 45

hepatocytes (liver)

Answer 45

secrete bile essential for food digestion in small intestine, detoxification of blood ammonia (urea)

Question 46

Liver blood bessels

Answer 46

1. hepatic portal vein 2. hepatic artery 3. central vein

Question 47

hepatic portal vein

Answer 47

bring blood from the digestive tract, nutrient rich blood from the GI track must pass through liver to detoxify

Question 48

hepatic artery

Answer 48

bring oxygenated blood from the heart

Question 49

central vein

Answer 49

takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart, combination of blood from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

Question 50

hepatitis

Answer 50

6 viruses have been identified (a - f)

Question 51

inflammation of liver due to viral infection

Answer 51

hepatitis

Question 52

HVB & HVC

Answer 52

transmitted via blood - cause chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis

Question 53

damage to the hepatocytes - causes blockage of hepatic portal

Answer 53

cirrhosis

Question 54

gallbladder (location)

Answer 54

green muscular sac located inferior to liver

Question 55

gallbladder (function)

Answer 55

stores and concentrated bile that is not immediately needed

Question 56

pancreas (location)

Answer 56

tadpole shape organ sits inderior to the stomach

Question 57

pancreas (function)

Answer 57

produces enzymes (known as pancreatic juices) that break down all food groups

Question 58

panctreatic juices

Answer 58

1. trypsin 2. amylase 3. lipases 4. nucleases

Question 59

breaks down proteins (pancreatic juices)

Answer 59

trypsin

Question 60

breaks down carbohydrates (pancreatic juices)

Answer 60

amylase

Question 61

breakdown fat that have been emulsify by bile salt (pancreatic juices)

Answer 61

lipases

Question 62

break down nucleotides (pancreatic juices)

Answer 62

nucleases

Question 63

food spends between _____-_______ hours in the small intestine

Answer 63

3-6 hours