Wray- Respiratory System

Question 1

What are Olfactory Receptors?

Answer 1

Allows the detection of smell

Question 2

Purpose of network of blood vessels in the nose

Answer 2

warms up the air

Question 3

Purpose of nasal hair

Answer 3

Collect and remove dust particles

Question 4

Purpose of mucus (2)

Answer 4

1. Moisten air
2. Trap bacteria and send them to stomach (via throat)

Question 5

Sinusitis

Answer 5

Over production of mucus by sinus

Question 6

Sinus headache: (3)

Answer 6

1. High mucus production
2. Blockage of passage between nasal cavity and sinuses
3. Vacuum is created

Question 7

What is the pharynx?

Answer 7

Throat

• Connects the nasal passage –> larynx

Question 8

What is the Larynx? (4)

Answer 8

Voice box:

• Lined with rings of hyaline cartilage
• Contains vocal cords
• Contains the epiglottis

Question 9

What is the trachea?

Answer 9

Windpipe

• Tube in front of espohagus
• Contains hyaline cartilage to keep it open

Question 10

What is the bronchial tree?

Answer 10

1. Bronchi
2. Bronchioles
3. Terminal Bronchioles

Question 11

Left Lung

Answer 11

1. Superior Lobe
2. Inferior Lobe

Question 12

Right Lung (3)

Answer 12

1. Superior
2. Middle
3. Inferior

Question 13

What is the pulmonary pleura?

Answer 13

The membrane layer surrounding the lung

Question 14

What is the parietal pleura?

Answer 14

Membrane layer surrounding the thoracic cavity

Question 15

What is pleural space? (3)

Answer 15

1. Space between 2 membranes
2. Filled with pleural fluid

*Lung collapse

Question 16

What is a lung collapse?

Answer 16

* Introductin air into pleural space as a result disconnect parietal from visceral pleura

* The lung is elastic by nature–> it will collapse but it cannot recoil

Question 17

Inhalation: Step 1

Answer 17

1. Contraction of diaphram & intercostal muscles:

*Increase in thoracic cavity size

• Diaphram flattens
• Intercostal muscle lift the rib cage

Question 18

Inhalation: Step 2

Answer 18

Lung cavity increases in size

(connection to thoracic cavity)

Question 19

Inhalation: step 3

Answer 19

Decrease in pressure inside the lung (parietal vacuum)

Question 20

Inhalation: Step 4

Answer 20

Atmosphere air (higher pressure) rushes in

Question 21

Inhalation: Step 5

Answer 21

Pressure inside the lungs and atmosphere is equal

Question 22

Exhalation: Step 1

Answer 22

1. Respiratory muscles relax
   - thoracic cavity decreases

Question 23

Exhalation: Step 2

Answer 23

Lung cavity volume decreases

Question 24

Exhalation: step 3

Answer 24

Pressure in the lungs is high than the atmosphere

Question 25

Exhalation: Step 4

Answer 25

Air moves from high --\> low pressure; air leaves the lungs

Question 26

Exhalation: Step 5

Answer 26

Air pressure is equal in both the lungs and atmosphere

Question 27

Tidal Volume

Answer 27

Normal volume of air exchanged during breathing (~500 mL of air)

Question 28

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 28

Air exhaled forcefully from lungs after normal exhalation (1200 mL)

Question 29

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 29

Air forcefully into the lungs after normal breathing (3100 mL)

Question 30

Residual volume

Answer 30

Air that always remains in the lungs even after expiratory reserve volume... no matter what (1200 mL)

Question 31

Emphysema

Answer 31

Destruction of the alveoli of the lungs - Usually caused by smoking and pollution - Decreases surface area of lung - Limits the amount of gas exchange

Question 32

Asthma (5)

Answer 32

Inflammation and overproduction of mucus in the airways - Trachea and bronchi - Triggered by: pollen, pollutant, allergic reaction - No cure - Treatment: fast acting inhaler --\> dilate airway muscles

Question 33

Bronchitis

Answer 33

Swelling and inflammation of bronchi - Result of viral or bacterial infection - Treatment: 1. immune response 2. antiviral or antibacterial medication

Question 34

Pneumonia

Answer 34

Inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs - Bronchitis can lead to pneumonia - Caused by: bacterial or viral infection Treatment: 1. Immune system 2. Anitviral or anitbacterial system