Friedman - Urinary

Question 1

Function

Answer 1

water balance, elmination of nitrogenous waste, regulation of: ions, pH, blood volume, & production of enzymes (renin)

Question 2

components urinary system

Answer 2

kidneys (nephron), ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 3

bean like organs, posterior region, partially protected by rib cage

Answer 3

kidney

Question 4

components of kidney

Answer 4

1. nephron 2. renal cortex 3. renal medulla 4. renal pyramids 5. renal columns 6. minor and major cortex 7. renal pelvis 8. hilum

Question 5

structural & functional unit of kidney

Answer 5

nephron

Question 6

urea

Answer 6

break down of protein

Question 7

2 structures of nephron

Answer 7

1. glomerulus 2. renal tubule

Question 8

glomerulus

Answer 8

network of capillaries

Question 9

renal tubule

Answer 9

1. enlarged cup shaped, surrounds glomerulus -> bowmans’ capsule 2. proximal conoluted tubule (PCT) 3. loop of henle 4. distal convoluted tubules (DCT) 5. collecting duct

Question 10

types of nephron

Answer 10

1. cortical nephrons 2. juctamedullary

Question 11

capillary beds

Answer 11

1. glomerulus 2. pertibular

Question 12

blood vessels of each nephron receive and drain by __________

Answer 12

arteries

Question 13

kidney removes extra _______

Answer 13

water

Question 14

thick blood causes kidney to ______

Answer 14

hold water

Question 15

glomerulus capillary bed

Answer 15

high pressure capillary beds -> filtration

Question 16

Afferent blood vessel (glomerulus)

Answer 16

brings in blood to nephron

Question 17

Efferent blood vessel (glomerulus)

Answer 17

takes blood away from nephron

Question 18

Afferent or Efferent blood vessel is large in diameter? (glomerulus)

Answer 18

Afferent

Question 19

Peritubular capillary bed

Answer 19

Arise from efferent arteriole, low pressure absorption,

Question 20

snake around renal tubules

Answer 20

peritibular capillary bed

Question 21

production of urine

Answer 21

nephron

Question 22

outer of kidney (appears pink)

Answer 22

renal cortex

Question 23

inner region of kidney (appears dark red)

Answer 23

renal medulla

Question 24

extension of renal cortex that extends between renal pyramids

Answer 24

renal column

Question 25

structure that collects urine from nephron

Answer 25

minor calyx

Question 26

individual parts that make up the renal medulla

Answer 26

renal pyramids

Question 27

structure that collects urine from multiple calyces

Answer 27

major calyx

Question 28

region of kidney that collects urine from all major calyces

Answer 28

renal pelvis

Question 29

urine is a combination of...

Answer 29

1. glomerulus filtration 2. tubular absorption

Question 30

peritubular is only present around...

Answer 30

PCT, loops of henle, & DCT

Question 31

renal blood circulation pathway

Answer 31

renal artery -> afferent artiole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> renal vein

Question 32

filtrate

Answer 32

components of blood (plasma) that exit glomerulus and enter tubular network of nephron: water, ions, urea, bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids

Question 33

what creates pressure in glamerulus?

Answer 33

diameter of afferent arteriole is larger than efferent arteriole- pressure forces filtrate to enter the tubular network from capillaries

Question 34

passive transport

Answer 34

water - no need for ATP - concentration gradient moveing molecules from high concentration to low

Question 35

active transport

Answer 35

use carrier protein/ very selective, glucose, amino acids - requires energy - move one molecule w/ concentration gradient (osmosis) and w/ that bring a molecule into the cell AGAINST its concentration gradient (glucose).

Question 36

nitrogenous waste products

Answer 36

enter as filtrate but NOT reabsorbed

Question 37

active transport ions

Answer 37

Na+/glucose & Na+/Amino Acids

Question 38

tubular secretion is...

Answer 38

tubular reabsorption in reverse

Question 39

characteristics of urine

Answer 39

nitrogenous waste, urochrome (hemoglobin destruction), excess solutes, water

Question 40

urine pH

Answer 40

usually acidic

Question 41

organs of urinary system...

Answer 41

ureter (tube connecting kidney to bladder), urinary bladder (muscular sac that stores urine), urethra (tube that carries urine from bladder to outside.)

Question 42

abrupt loss of kidney failure (disease)

Answer 42

acute renal failure (ARF)

Question 43

progressive, irreversible kidney damage (disease)

Answer 43

chronic renal failure (CRF)

Question 44

presence of cysts on kidney and tubules (disease)

Answer 44

polycystive kidney disease (PKD)

Question 45

high level of glucose in the blood due to not enough insulin (disease)

Answer 45

glucose mellitus

Question 46

urinary system helps with maintaining...

Answer 46

fluid balance, electrolyte,& acid base balance

Question 47

essential electrolytes concist of...

Answer 47

sodium, potassium, & calcium