digestive system Flashcards
(23 cards)
Which digestive processes do we see in the mouth
ingestion, mechanical, and chemical
Which digestive processes do we see in the stomach
chemical and the stomach has a muscle layer that allows for mechanical breakdown
What is a mesentery and what are the names of all the one
Mesenteries are in the abdominopelvic cavity and are where we have a double layer of the peritoneum. The names are the greater and lesser omentum, mesentery proper, and mesocolon
What type of epithelium do you find in the GI tract?
Simple columnar is the most popular one
Name the salivary glands and what their functions are
Submandibular, sublingual gland, parotid gland. They function to create a solution that is slightly acidic and it cleanses the mouth, starts chemical breakdown, moistens food and
What are the functions of the digestive system
Ingestion of food, break down food into nutrients, absorption of nutrients, excrete indigestible remains
What are the digestive processes
Ingestion, propulsion (peristalsis segmentation), mechanical breakdown, digestion, absorption, and defecation
What is the function of the mesentery
They support and stabilize the peritoneal organs, store fat, and have blood and lymphatic vessels for organs
What is the purpose of the mucosa layer and what are the sublayers within it
The mucosa layer functions to absorb things into the blood and is made up of the epithelium layer, lamina propria, and muscular mucosae
What is the submucosal layer made of
The submucosal layer is made of areolar tissue, elastic fibers, blood, and lymphatic vessels as well as nerves
What is the muscular externa made of
This layer is made of smooth muscle and controls peristalsis and segmentation
What is the serosa layer
This layer is made of areolar tissue and is called the adventitia in the esophagus
What is the oral vestibule and labial frenulum
The oral vestibule is the space between the lips and teeth while the labial frenulum is the structure that joins the lip to the gum
What is mastication and deglutition
This is the process of the teeth mechanically breaking down food into smaller pieces. Deglutition is swallowing
What are the sphincters the stomach relates with?
The gastroesophageal sphincter, and the pyloric sphincter
What is bolus called when it leaves the stomach
Chyme
What are the regions of the stomach
The fundus, body, cardia, and pyloris
What cells are in the gastric pit and what do they secrete
The parietal cells secrete HCL, the chief cells secrete pepsinogen which is then turned into pepsin because of the acidity of the stomach, enteroendocrine cells secrete gastrin and regulate stomach secretions
What are the regions of the small intestine? Which one does the most absorption and which one has the ileocecal valve
The regions are the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. The duodenum does the most absorption and the ileum has the ileocecal valve
What is the purpose of the circular folds in the small intestine and the villi and microvilli
They cause the chyme to slowly spiral down the small intestine the villi are fingerlike projections on the surface of the intestinal wall and they increase surface area which allows for an increase in absorption
What are the four lobes of the liver
There is the right, left, caudate, and quadrate lobes
What are the functions of the liver and gall bladder
It functions to produce bile, detoxify, store nutrients. the gallbladder stores bile
What is the structure that lets in secretions from the pancreas and liver or gallbladder into the duodenum
It is called the hepatopancreatic sphincter
