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DAT BIO > Diversity of Life > Flashcards

Diversity of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Are archaea single-celled?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Prokaryotes do not contain _______. These are only found in the membranes of
_________, not prokaryotes.

A

Steroids, eukaryotes

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3
Q

Characteristics of Gram - bacteria

A

LONG
THIN pepto layer
Lipopolysacc
Outer membrane
Negative
Gram
-stains pink
-little amt of peptidoglycan
LPS released when bacteria destroyed
Outer membrane present
Periplasm
Endotoxins & Exotoxins

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4
Q

Characteristics of Gram + bacteria

A

PPT
THICK pepto layer
Purple
NO LPS
Contain technoic acid
Exotoxins ONLY

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5
Q

Where are exotoxins?

A

In + bacteria only

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6
Q

Where are endotoxins?

A

In both +/- bacteria
LPS is an endotoxin example

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7
Q

Do prokaryotes have a cell wall?

A

YES

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8
Q

Do eukaryotes have a cell wall?

A

Only plants, fungi and some protists do

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9
Q

What type of linkages are in Archaea?
What about eubacteria?

A

Ether-linkages
Ester- linkages

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10
Q

What prokaryote has no introns or histones in their DNA structure?

A

Eubacteria, only archaea have those

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11
Q

Archaea or eubacteria, which lacks peptidoglycan in their call wall?

A

Archaea lack pepto!

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12
Q

T/F: Eukaryotes have steroids in their membrane

A

TRUE, prokaryotes do NOT have steroids in their membranes

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13
Q

Are Eubacteria and Archaea eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes

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14
Q

T/F: Prokaryotes have linear chromosomes

A

FALSE, they have CIRCULAR chromosomes

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15
Q

T/F: Eukaryotes chromosomes are located in a nucleoid region

A

FALSE, it is located in the NUCLEUS

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16
Q

T/F: Eubacteria have introns!

A

FALSE, only Archaea!

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17
Q

T/F: Eukaryotes have histones

A

TRUE

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18
Q

T/F: Prokaryotes have slow DNA replication

A

FALSE, its super FAST

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19
Q

Do eukaryotes have slow DNA replication?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What size are Prok. and Euk. ribosomes?

A

Prok: 70S
Euk: 80S
Eukaryotes bigger in size

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21
Q

Prokaryotes are usually haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

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22
Q

Eukaryotes are usually haploid or diploid?

A

Diploid

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23
Q

T/F: Prok have telomeres

A

FALSE, only eukaryotes

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24
Q

Where is the ETC located in Prok and Euk?

Study These Flashcards
A

Prok: Along cell membrane
Euk: In mitochondrial inner membrane (+ thylakoid membrane in plants)

25
How does transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes?
Occurs simultaneously
26
How does transcription and translation occur in eukaryotes?
Transcription first in nucleus, translation in cytoplasm
27
T/F: The cell cycle length is very long in prokaryotes and they divide by mitosis
FALSE, its short and divides by binary fission
28
T/F: The cell cycle length is very long in eukaryotes and they divide by mitosis
TRUE!
29
What organisms make up eukaryotes?
Plants, Protists, Fungi and Animalia
30
T/F: do protists have chitin in the cell walls?
NOPE!
31
List the characteristics of the fungus-like protists
NO CHITIN Have cilia/flagella Saprophytic Feed via phagocytosis Reproduce via asexual reproduction and sporulation
32
List the characteristics of the plant/algae-like protists. List some examples too
Most important primary producers Have chloroplasts and photosynthetic ability! Ex. Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, & euglenoids
33
List the characteristics of the animal-like protists. List some examples too
Known as protozoa Have food vacuoles Heterotrophic (move via flagella and cilia) Often parasitic pathogens. Ex. amoeba and paramecium
34
List the characteristics of fungi! What are the 2 types of fungi?
Heterotrophic saprophytes Mostly *haploid* life cycle Types: Filamentous and non-filamentous
35
Non-filamentous fungi characteristics. Give the most obvious example
Are unicellular Reproduce asexually by budding Are facultative anaerobes Ex. yeast
36
Filamentous fungi characteristics. Give the most obvious example
Are multicellular Multinucleate (form hyphae) Reproduce sexually Aerobic Ex. molds
36
Coenocytic hyphae? What doesn't occur here?
One long continuous multinucleated cell Cytokinesis does not occur during cell division
36
Fungi What occurs when fungi reproduce under favorable environments
- Asexually by producing a conidia produce *haploid* spore-producing structure, which produces haploid spores - Grows via mitosis - Can also do regeneration.
36
List the characteristics of lichens!
Symbiotic autotrophs Fungus+ algae/cyanobacteria= lichen
36
List the characteristics of animalia!
Eukaryotic Diploid Multicellular heterotrophic aerobes *MUST have COELOM* to be Animalia
36
List the first 5 Animalia IN ORDER
PCPNR Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Rotifera
37
FIRST 5 Animalia important characteristics
NOT COELOMATES
38
List the last 5 animalia IN ORDER
AMAEC Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata
39
LAST 5 Animalia important characteristics
ALL COELOMATES
39
Example of FIRST 5 Animalia
Porifera: sponge Cnidaria: jellyfish Platyhelminthes: worms Nematoda: roundworm, hookworm, elegans Rotifera: rotifers
39
Characteristics of diatoms and euglenoids
Unicellular Photosynthetic autotrophs Reproduce asexually Found in aquatic environments
39
Characteristics of dinoflagellates
RED TIDE (toxins build up, O2 in water is depleted) Have two flagella (find food in absence of light) Heterotrophic (parasitic).
39
Example of LAST 5 Animalia
Annelida: earthworm, leech Mollusca: Clam, snail, slug, squid, octopus, cephalopod, gastropod Arthropoda: insect, spider, lobster Echinodermata: starfish Chordata: Human
39
What is the Red Tide? What is responsible for it?
red tide (toxins build up, O2 in water is depleted),
40
What are the pseudocoelomates
Nematoda and Rotifera
41
What is the acoelomate
Platyhelminthes
42
Only the LAST 5 animalia coelomates can be ________ and _________
schizocoelomates and enterocoelomates
43
Schizocoelomates development Are they protostomes or deuterostomes?
Cleavage: Holoblastic, spiral, determinant - Protostomes
44
Enterocoelomates development Are they protostomes or deuterostomes?
Cleavage: Radial, indeterminate - Deuterostomes
45
Cnidaria general characteristics
Cnidocytes Radial symm. Diploblasts
46
what makes up 70s ribosomes
30s and 50s
47
what makes up 80s ribosomes
60s and 40s
48
bacteria do not contain ____ or ____, but viruses do viruses do not have a ___ ___, but bacteria do
capsids or spike proteins cell-wall

DAT BIO (22 decks)

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