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Excretory System Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Marine (saltwater) fish are ____to their environment

A

hypoosmotic

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2
Q

Freshwater fish are ________ to their environment.

A

hyperosmotic

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3
Q

What do marine fish do as a result of them being hypoosmotic to their environment?

A
  • Constantly drink water
  • Rarely urinate
  • Secrete accumulated salts through their gills
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4
Q

What do freshwater fish do as a result of them being hyperosmotic to their environment?

A
  • Rarely drink water
  • Constantly urinate
  • Absorb salts through their gills
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5
Q

Kidney are made up of what 3 parts?

A

Cortex (outer)
Medulla (middle)
Pelvis (inner)

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6
Q

What are the 4 main processes that occur in the nephron?

A

FRSE
Filtration, Reasborption, Secretion and Excretion

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7
Q

_______ occurs in the cortex at the ______ _______

A

Filtration, renal corpuscle

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8
Q

What does the renal corpuscle consist of?

A

Glomerulus & the Bowman’s capsule

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9
Q

Blood enters from the _____ arteriole into the _________

A

AFFerent, glomerulus

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10
Q

________ forces plasma through the sieve (glomerulus)

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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11
Q

The ______ the nephron, the more _______ the urine will be.

A

longer, concentrated

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12
Q

What type of cells are in the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Podocytes

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13
Q

Podocytes surround and form what around the glomerulus?

A

fenestrations

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14
Q

Fenestrations allow what to be filtered into the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Small substances (water and solutes) to be filtered into the Bowman’s capsule

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15
Q

What substances remain in the blood when being filtered

A

larger
ex. proteins and blood cells

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16
Q

The glomerulus exits the __________ via the ________ arteriole, which goes on to form the _______ __________.

A

Bowman’s capsule, efferent, peritubular capillaries

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17
Q

Most of the reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule through what process?

A

Active transport

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18
Q

Most of the reabsorption occurs in the _______ ________ __________

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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19
Q

The distal convoluted tubule reabsorbs _____ and _____

A

Na+ and Cl-

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20
Q

What are the two molecules that the nephron reabsorbs almost completely.

A

Glucose and amino acids

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21
Q

What has selective permeability in the nephron?

A

Loop of Henle

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22
Q

What is loop of henle surrounded by?

A

Vasa recta (lots of capillaries)

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23
Q

The loop of Henle descends into the _______

24
Q

Water is reabsorbed into the blood as the filtrate travels ______ the _______ limb

Study These Flashcards
A

DOWN, the descending limb (filtrate becomes more concentrated).

25
Solutes are reabsorbed as the filtrate travels _____ the ________ limb
UP, the ascending limb (filtrate becomes less concentrated).
26
T/F: The ascending limb is impermeable to water
TRUE
27
Due to secretion, he interstitial fluids surrounding the nephron to become concentrated with what?
Salts!
28
After going through the loop of henle where does the filtrate go?
Distal Convoluted Tubule
29
Na+ and Cl- are reabsorbed in the _____, with ______ following passively.
DCT, water
30
After going through the DCT where does the filtrate go?
Collecting duct
31
In the collecting duct, is water being moved passively in or out of the filtrate?
OUT! this concentrates the urine
32
After going through the collecting duct where does the filtrate go?
Renal pelvis then ureter
33
Where is urine stored?
the bladder
34
What structure connected the kidney to the bladder?
the ureter
35
What structure is urine excreted from?
the urethra
36
What types of cells can detect changes in blood pressure and volume
Juxtaglomerular cells
37
Activated renin and angiotensinogen forms what hormone?
angiotensin I
38
Activated ACE and angiotensin I forms what hormone?
angiotensin II
39
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (flight-or-flight) stimulates the kidney to release what hormone?
Renin
40
Angiotensin II increases _____ and _______
BP and blood volume
41
Angiotensin II stimulates the release of what? from where?
aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex
42
Angiotensin II increases the reabsorption of what? from where?
Na+, the proximal tubule
43
Water always follows what?
Salt
44
Angiotensin II is a systemic ______, which increases ______
vasoconstrictor, TPR
45
Angiotensin II increases _______, which increases _____ _______ _______
thirst, blood liquid volume (increased TPR too)
46
Aldosterone is produced by what gland?
Adrenal cortex
47
______ increases salt and water reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal tubules and collecting ducts.
Aldosterone
48
Aldosterone increases salt and water reabsorption and potassium secretion in the _______ ________ and _______ _______
distal tubules and collecting ducts
49
ADH is released by what gland?
posterior pituitary
50
ADH causes what to insert into the collecting duct of the nephron and increases water reabsorption?
aquaporins
51
Alcohol ________ ADH, so less water is reabsorbed, and you urinate _________.
inhibits, more
52
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) main function
decreases BP
53
Why is ANP released, it is in response to what?
To atrial distension by increased blood volume and pressure.
54
ADH main functions **FIX**
Reduce BV & BP Increases water reabsorption/permeability in the **collecting duct** Increases aquaporins
55
How does ANP reduce BV and BP?
- Increasing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - Decreasing sodium reabsorption - Increasing sodium excretion - Inhibiting renin (means no RAAS system)
56
When blood pressure is ______, these cells release ________.
Low, juxtaglomerular cells release renin
57
ADH targets what structure in the nephron?
collecting duct

DAT BIO (22 decks)

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