Domain I and II Review with Key Terms Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are developmental milestones?
Typical age-related tasks children achieve (e.g., walking, talking).
A child should walk by 12–15 months; delay could indicate a motor disability.
What is atypical development?
When a child’s development differs from the norm.
A 4-year-old not using two-word phrases.
Define risk factors in the context of disabilities.
Biological or environmental issues that increase likelihood of a disability.
Examples include Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, lead poisoning, and prematurity.
What is early intervention (EI)?
Services for children (birth–3) with developmental delays or risks.
Speech therapy for a 2-year-old not using words.
What characterizes a specific learning disability (SLD)?
Difficulty in reading, writing, math, despite average IQ.
Examples include dyslexia and dyscalculia.
What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Impairment in social skills, communication, repetitive behavior.
A student avoids eye contact and uses echolalia.
Define emotional disturbance (ED).
Trouble in emotional regulation or behavior that impacts learning.
Frequent aggression, withdrawal, or depression.
What is an intellectual disability (ID)?
Below-average cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior.
Difficulty with reasoning, problem-solving, self-care.
What does cultural and linguistic diversity refer to in evaluations?
Consideration of cultural background and native language in evaluation.
A bilingual student struggling due to limited English, not a disability.
What is a formal assessment?
Standardized, norm-referenced tests.
Examples include Woodcock-Johnson IV and WISC-V.
Define informal assessment.
Teacher-made tests, observations, checklists.
Observing student behavior during reading time.
What is a functional behavior assessment (FBA)?
Identifies cause and function of behavior.
Finding that a student hits to avoid difficult tasks.
What is response to intervention (RTI)?
Tiered support system for early academic/behavior help.
Tier 1 = universal support, Tier 3 = intensive intervention.
What is a nondiscriminatory evaluation?
Tests must be fair, in the child’s native language, and culturally appropriate.
Giving a Spanish-speaking child assessments in Spanish.
What is universal design for learning (UDL)?
Curriculum design that meets all learners’ needs.
Offering audio, text, and visuals for a lesson.
Define differentiated instruction.
Tailoring instruction to students’ needs, levels, and interests.
Providing simplified reading passages for lower-level readers.
What is modification in education?
Changing curriculum expectations.
A student does 10 math problems instead of 30.
What is accommodation in educational settings?
Changing how a student learns, not what is learned.
Examples include extra time, use of calculator, quiet room.
What are the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)?
State curriculum standards.
Adapting TEKS for a student at a lower reading level.
What is task analysis?
Breaking down a skill into small, manageable steps.
Teaching handwashing by sequencing steps: turn on water, apply soap, etc.
Define scaffolding in teaching.
Providing support and gradually removing it.
Giving sentence starters that fade as student writes more independently.
What is assistive technology (AT)?
Tools that support access to learning.
Using Proloquo2Go for nonverbal communication.
What are functional academics?
Skills needed for daily living.
Teaching how to use money, tell time, or follow a schedule.
What is generalization in education?
Applying learned skills to new settings.
Practicing counting change at both school and home.
