Dr. Hogan Bedside Tut #5 Flashcards
(23 cards)
petechiae, purpura and ecchymoses is caused by what blood dysfunction?
Thrombocytopenia or other platelet dysfunction
what is “spoon-shaped” nails called? why happens?
koilonychia
what is shifting dullness test?
percussing abdomen in supine to find fluid line
then side-lying: percuss again to find the dullness has shifted indicating there is indeed ascites
which fingers usually indicate Dupeytron’s contractures? name 4 other causes:
3,4,5 Trauma DM2 HIV phenytoin with epilepsy
5 causes of hypoalbuminaemia:
kwashiorkor leukonycia enteropathy (protein losing) nephrotic syndrome burns
how to identify direction of vein flow in abdomen?
compress veins with 2 fingers, release one and if it flows towards umbilicus it is caput medusae
chronic alcoholic looks for what 2 things in the pubic area?
testicular atrophy
change in escutcheon pubic hair
what does splenomegaly do to platelets?
thrombocytopenia from trapped platelets in spleen
why do you get splenomegaly in chronic liver disease?
portal hypertension: backflow into spleen
what are 6 Vitamin K dependent clotting factors?
2,7,9,10, protein C, S
4 areas of arterial-venous anastomoses?
lower esophagus
umbilicus
lower rectum
hypophyseal portal system
danger of splenomegaly?
massive bleeding from accidental trauma
5 causes of massive splenomegaly?
CML Malaria myelofibrosis tropical kalar azar hairy cell leukaemia
what kinds of ophthalmoscopic problems in chronic alcohol consumption?
intranuclear ophthalmoplegia
cause of intranuclear ophthalmoplegia ?
degenerating mammillary bodies
3 things in Wernicke Encephalopathy?
triad of acute mental confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia
3 main features of Korsakoff psychosis?
confabulation
decreased short term memory
difficulty learning new information
3 reasons why HIV people get anaemia?
- HAART treatment
- anaemia of chronic inflammation
- warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
3 viral causes of warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?
HIV
EBV
CMV
what do you suspect in anyone with pure right heart failure with little hx of pulmonary fibrosis or lung dysfunction?
IVDU/endocarditis
why kind of murmur in tricuspid regurg?
systolic
An ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD) is what? what conditions do you see it with?
located in the most anterior and inferior aspect of the atrial septum. It is the simplest form of atrioventricular (AV) canal or AV septal defect. These defects are often associated with trisomy 21.
An ostium secundum atrial septal defect is what?
an abnormally large opening in the atrial septum at the site of the foramen ovale and the ostium secundum.
