Flashcards in Dr. Hogan Bedside Tut #5 Deck (23)
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1
petechiae, purpura and ecchymoses is caused by what blood dysfunction?
Thrombocytopenia or other platelet dysfunction
2
what is “spoon-shaped” nails called? why happens?
koilonychia
3
what is shifting dullness test?
percussing abdomen in supine to find fluid line
then side-lying: percuss again to find the dullness has shifted indicating there is indeed ascites
4
which fingers usually indicate Dupeytron's contractures? name 4 other causes:
3,4,5
Trauma
DM2
HIV
phenytoin with epilepsy
5
5 causes of hypoalbuminaemia:
kwashiorkor
leukonycia
enteropathy (protein losing)
nephrotic syndrome
burns
6
how to identify direction of vein flow in abdomen?
compress veins with 2 fingers, release one and if it flows towards umbilicus it is caput medusae
7
chronic alcoholic looks for what 2 things in the pubic area?
testicular atrophy
change in escutcheon pubic hair
8
what does splenomegaly do to platelets?
thrombocytopenia from trapped platelets in spleen
9
why do you get splenomegaly in chronic liver disease?
portal hypertension: backflow into spleen
10
what are 6 Vitamin K dependent clotting factors?
2,7,9,10, protein C, S
11
4 areas of arterial-venous anastomoses?
lower esophagus
umbilicus
lower rectum
hypophyseal portal system
12
danger of splenomegaly?
massive bleeding from accidental trauma
13
5 causes of massive splenomegaly?
CML
Malaria
myelofibrosis
tropical kalar azar
hairy cell leukaemia
14
what kinds of ophthalmoscopic problems in chronic alcohol consumption?
intranuclear ophthalmoplegia
15
cause of intranuclear ophthalmoplegia ?
degenerating mammillary bodies
16
3 things in Wernicke Encephalopathy?
triad of acute mental confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia
17
3 main features of Korsakoff psychosis?
confabulation
decreased short term memory
difficulty learning new information
18
3 reasons why HIV people get anaemia?
1. HAART treatment
2. anaemia of chronic inflammation
3. warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
19
3 viral causes of warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?
HIV
EBV
CMV
20
what do you suspect in anyone with pure right heart failure with little hx of pulmonary fibrosis or lung dysfunction?
IVDU/endocarditis
21
why kind of murmur in tricuspid regurg?
systolic
22
An ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD) is what? what conditions do you see it with?
located in the most anterior and inferior aspect of the atrial septum. It is the simplest form of atrioventricular (AV) canal or AV septal defect. These defects are often associated with trisomy 21.
23
