Drug action Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the 3 phases of drug action?
Pharmaceutical
pharmacokinetic
pharmacodynamic
Pharmaceutical role
administration
Pharmacokinetic
Drug relating to it’s ADME in the body
pharmacodynamic
how it interacts with the target causing a pharmacological effect
What does ADME stand for
absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
What are the 3 factors affecting drug response
1- density of receptors on the cell surface
2- Mechanism by which signal is transmitted into the cell
3- regulatory factors that control gene translation/protein production
What does the lowest point of a dose response curve mean and why
threshold- dose that produces a just noticeable effect
What does the midpoint of a dose-response curve mean and why
ED50 - produce 50%T of max response
What does the top of the dose-response curve mean and why
ceiling- lowest dose that produces maximal effect
Continued use of drugs causes
decrease in effectiveness
Pharmacokinetic factors affect tolerance by?
increasing drug metabolism that decreases concentration achieved with given dose
Pharmacodynamic factors affect drug tolerance by
same concentration at receptor site theres a reduced effect with repeated exposure
What are effective ED50
Median effective dose
What is lethality LD50
Median lethal dose
How to work out therapeutic index
LD50/ED50
A large number in the therapeutic index means
a wide margin of safety
A lower number in the therapeutic index means
small margin of safety
Factors that affect duration of effect
1-time that drug is engaged on receptor
2- intracellular signalling
3-gene regulation
What are the 6 scale up steps
1- product market, size and manufacture costs
2-lab studies
3-define key rate controlling steps
4-use larger than lab studies
5-construct pilot plant
6-evaluate
What was Gertrude noble prize on
Focusing on the target of the drug
What are the challenges of scale up production
environmental hazards , purity and legal - intellectual property
