drugs Flashcards
(21 cards)
tricyclic antidepressants
amitriptyline / nortriptyline
for - depression / anxiety / BMS
mechanism - inhibits reuptake of serotonin / noradrenaline
side effects - dry mouth, drowsiness, weight gain
SSRIs
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors i.e. citalopram, sertraline, fluoxetine
for - depression / PTSD
mechanism - selectively inhibit reuptake of serotonin
side effects - dry mouth, drowsiness, vomiting
loop diuretic
furosemide / bumetanide
for - hypertension / oedema
mechanism - inhibit reabsorption within renal tubule
side effects - dizziness, electrolyte imbalance, nausea
thiazide diuretics
bendroflumethiazide, indapamide, chortalidone
for - hypertension / oedema
mechanism - decrease sodium reabsorption and so fluid reabsorption
side effects - dizziness, electrolyte imbalance, headaches, nausea
ACE inhibitors
ramipril, lisinopril, enalapril
for - hypertension / heart failure
mechanism - inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
side effects - dry mouth, dizziness, electrolyte imbalance, headache, altered taste
beta blockers
atenolol, bisoprolol etc
for - hypertension, arrhythmia, MI, angina
mechanism - decrease HR
side effects - bradycardia, dizziness, peripheral coldness
calcium channel blockers
amlodipine, felodipine, diltiazem
for - hypertension / angina / arrhythmias
mechanism - inhibits calcium entering cells of heart & blood vessels (Ca required for contraction)
side effects - headache, nausea, abdominal pain, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia
statins
simvastatin, atorvastatin
for - atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolaemia
mechanism - inhibit enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis especially in the liver
side effects - nausea, headache, constipation, thrombocytopenia
biguanide
metformin
for - type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovaries
mechanism - decreases gluconeogenesis and increases peripheral utilisation of glucose (requires some functioning pancreatic islet cells)
side effects - abdominal pain, decreased appetite, altered taste, b12 deficiency
monoclonal antibody therapy - anti resorptive
RANKL inhibitor i.e. denosumab
for - osteoporosis
mechanism - inhibits osteoclast formation thereby decreasing bone resorption
side effects - abdominal discomfort, alopecia, increased infection risk, MRONJ risk
anti angiogenic
bevacizumab, aflibercept, sunitinib
for - cancer treatment
mechanism - aim to restrict tumour vascularisation by inhibiting formation of new blood vessels
side effects - osteonecrosis, abscess, alopecia, dry mouth, MRONJ risk
bisphosphonates
alendronic acid, zolendronic acid, ibandronic acid
for - osteoporosis
mechanism - inhibits bone formation by inhibiting enzymes responsible for formation, recruitment & function of osteoclasts
side effects - MRONJ risk, altered taste, alopecia, anaemia, arthralgia
proton pump inhibitors
omeprazole, lansoprazole
for - GIT ulceration, helicobacter pylori, GORD
mechanism - inhibits gastric acid secretion
side effect - abdominal pain, constipation, dry mouth, dizziness
antihistamines
loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
for - allergy relief
mechanism - inhibits histamine in body
side effect = drowsiness
opioid analgesics
tramadol, cocodamol, codeine, fentanyl, morphine
for - relief of moderate to severe pain
mechanism - attach to opioid receptors on nerve cells throughout body thereby blocking pain messages sent from body through spinal cord to brain
side effects - arrythmias, confusion, dry mouth, hallucination, respiratory depression, withdrawal, addiction
note - dihydrocodeine can be prescribed by dentists
vitamin K antagonist
warfarin
for - atrial fibrillation, prosthetic valves, TIA, embolism
mechanism - antagonistic action against vit k dependent clotting factors 2, 7, 9, 10
side effects - haemorrhage, nausea, vomiting
note - lots of drug interactions
nitrates
glyceryl trinitrate, isorbide dinitrate
for - angina
mechanism - dilate veins & resistance arteries
side effects - arrhythmias, dizziness, drowsiness, flushing, hypotension, nausea
benzodiazepines
clonazepam, diazepam, midazolam, lorazepam
for - epilepsy, febrile seizures, sedation
mechanism - enhance binding of GABA in CNS (inhibitory neurotransmitter)
side effects - drowsiness, decreased alertness, respiratory depression, muscle weakness, hypotension
disulfiram
alcohol dependence
side effects - vomiting, nausea, drowsiness
antiepileptics
lamotrigine, gabapentin, phenytoin, pregabalin, valproate, carbamazepine
for - seizures, neuropathic pain, TN
mechanism - GABA agonist
side effects - aggression, agitation, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea
