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E2 Order Rickettsiales Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q 
Pathogen
Disease
Host
Mechanism
Immunity
Culture
Notes
A

???

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2
Q

What tissue are Rickettsiales (order) of bacteria tropic for?

A

Vascular endothelium or leukocytes

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3
Q

What is unique about Rickettsiales (order) bacteria transmission?

A

Arthropod vectors

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4
Q

What is the gram reaction & appearance of Rickettsiales (order) bacteria?

A

Gram-negative

Pleomorphic (variable shape)

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5
Q

What type of disease do Rickettsiales (order) bacteria cause?

A

Multisystemic disease

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6
Q

What is unique about the Rickettsiales (order) bacteria location in the animal?

A 
Intracellular pathogen
(vascular endothelium or leukocytes)
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7
Q

Why is it difficult to culture or treat Rickettsia (genus) bacteria?

A

They are obligate intracellular pathogens

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8
Q

What cell types do Rickettsia (genus) bacteria target?

A

Reticuloendothelial system cells

endothelial cells & monocytes

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9
Q

What animals are incidental hosts of Rickettsia rickettsii? Why?

A

Humans & dogs

They do not have enough parasitemia to infect ticks (dogs may be able to cause infection in ticks)

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10
Q

What animals are normal hosts for Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Small mammals

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11
Q

What is the arthropod vector for Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Ticks

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12
Q

What disease does Rickettsia rickettsii cause?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF)

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13
Q

What is rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF)?

A

Acute febrile infectious vasculitis

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14
Q

How long do ticks need to feed to transmit Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

6-24 hrs

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15
Q

What causes the spots in rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Endothelial cell damage causes petechia

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16
Q

When do clinical signs appear from Rickettsia rickettsii in dogs?

A

2-14 days after infection

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17
Q

Do dogs require treatment for Rickettsia rickettsii infection?

A

Not usually

Most dogs eliminate the infection naturally

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18
Q

What can happen in dogs infected with Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Vascular leakage
Edema
Hypotension
Shock

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19
Q

What is the best way to diagnose Rickettsia rickettsii infection in dogs (2 methods)?

A
  1. Visualization of the organism on blood smears
  2. Paired serum samples (antibodies)
    = single HIGH IgG titer
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20
Q

What is the most consistent lab finding in Rickettsia rickettsii infection?

A
  1. Thrombocytopenia

2. Fever 5 days after infection

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21
Q

How is Rickettsia rickettsii infection usually diagnosed?

A

Retrospectively

Dogs gets better with antibiotic treatment

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22
Q

Is there a vaccine against Rickettsia rickettsii infection?

A

No

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23
Q

Is there any evidence of Rickettsia rickettsii transmission from dogs to humans?

A

No

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24
Q

What is another family in the order Rickettsiales that is of veterinary importance?

A

Anaplasmataceae

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25
What are some important genera in the family Anaplasmataceae?
1. Anaplasma 2. Ehrlichia 3. Neorickettsia
26
What is the gram reaction, tropism and transmission of bacteria in the family Anaplasmataceae?
1. Gram-negative 2. Obligate parasites of erythrocytes (RBCs) & leukocytes 3. Arthropod vectors = ticks & biting flies
27
What is the most pathogenic species of Anaplasma?
Anaplasma marginale
28
What does Anaplasma marginale infection look like microscopically?
Dense inclusion bodies in RBCs
29
Is Anaplasma marginale a reportable disease?
Yes!
30
What animals can be infected with Anaplasma marginale?
Ruminants | Important disease of cattle in Gulf Coast region
31
What age of cattle are most susceptible to Anaplasma marginale caused disease?
``` Adult animals (Host response = elimination of infected RBCs) ```
32
What is special about Anaplasma marginale infection in calves?
1. Are not usually clinically infected | 2. Can become carriers
33
How is Anaplasma marginale infection usually diagnosed?
Blood smears that show parasites
34
Is there an effective vaccine for Anaplasma marginale?
No there have been attempts but no long term success
35
What disease is caused by Anaplasma platys?
Infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia in dogs | Trophism for platelets!
36
What is unique about infection with Anaplasma platys in dogs?
It reoccurs every 1-3 weeks = cyclic clinical signs
37
How is Anaplasma platys infection usually diagnosed?
1. Labs = thrombocytopenia | 2. Antibody tests
38
Is there a vaccine for against Anaplasma platys?
No
39
What animal is the reservoir host for Anaplasma phagocytophilum?
Rodents
40
What animals are affected by Anaplasma phagocytophilum as accidental hosts?
Horses, Ruminants: elk, deer, cattle Dogs Humans
41
What is the cellular tropism for Anaplasma phagocytophilum?
Granulocytes = Neutrophils
42
Is Anaplasma phagocytophilum common in Minnesota?
Yes! | High seropositivity in dogs
43
How is Anaplasma phagocytophilum usually diagnosed?
1. Blood smears = morula in granulocytes | 2. SNAP tests to detect Ag
44
What are granulocytes (4 cells)?
1. Neutrophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Basophils 4. Mast cells
45
Is there a vaccine for Anaplasma phagocytophilum?
No
46
What three species of Anaplasma are important veterinary pathogens?
A. marginale A. platys A. phagocytophilum
47
What is another genus in the family Anaplasmataceae that is of veterinary importance?
Ehrlichia
48
What is the tropism, vector and clinical signs of Ehrlichia (genus) infection?
Intracellular parasite of WBC Unknown vector transmission Disease = leukopenia & anemia
49
How does Ehrlichia (genus) survive in WBC?
Inhibits phagolysosome fusion
50
What are two important veterinary species in Ehrlichia?
Ehrlichia canis & Ehrlichia ewingii
51
What cells does Ehrlichia canis infect?
Monocytes
52
What cell does Ehrlichia ewingii infection?
Neutrophils
53
What the some clinical signs of Ehrlichia infection?
1. Fever 2. Hemorrhages = Epistaxis (nosebleed) 3. Pitting edema
54
Is Ehrlichia zoonotic?
Yes! | ALL species
55
Why does Ehrlichia canis cause hemorrhages?
Infected monocytes adhere to vascular endothelium which cases leakage
56
How is Ehrlichia canis diagnosed?
1. Blood smear | 2. Labs = nonregenerative anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, inc. liver enzymes
57
Is there a vaccine for Ehrlichia canis?
No
58
What is a third genera in the family Anaplasmataceae of veterinary importance?
Neorickettsia
59
What disease is caused by Neorickettsia helminthoeca?
Salmon Poisoning Disease | Northwest US
60
How is Neorickettsia helminthoeca transmitted?
Ingestion of FISH contaminated with FLUKES infected with N. helminthoeca
61
What cells Neorickettsia helminthoeca infect?
Macrophages
62
How severe is the disease caused by Neorickettsia helminthoeca?
Very severe | fatal if untreated
63
How is infection with Neorickettsia helminthoeca diagnosed?
1. Fluke ova in feces | 2. Parasite in macrophages
64
What disease does Neorickettsia risticii cause?
Potomac Horse Fever | equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
65
How do horses typically become infected with Neorickettsia risticii?
Ingestion of fluke infected flies | Caddis flies
66
What season it is most common to find Neorickettsia risticii infections?
Summer | Fluke's host is a freshwater snail
67
What are some clinical signs in horses with Neorickettsia risticii?
1. High cyclic fever 2. Explosive diarrhea = green/yellow 3. May cause middle trimester abortions
68
What is the best method to detect Neorickettsia risticii bacteria in a horse?
PCR | only bacteria species in this category
69
Is there a vaccine against Neorickettsia risticii?
Yes! | but not guaranteed to prevent infection
70
What is the emerging role of Wolbachia species in veterinary medicine?
Symbiosis with heartworm parasite | = eliminating the bacteria may kill the parasite

Bacteriology (13 decks)

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