E2 Gram Positive Bacilli

Question 1

What is unique about gram positive bacilli?

Answer 1

Form spores!

Question 2

What environmental conditions favor Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 2

High nitrogen areas

Periodic flooding

Question 3

What is unique about visualizing the cultures of Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 3

Basically non-hemolytic

Colonies have irregular edges

Question 4

Does Bacillus anthracis for spores in the presence of oxygen? What does this mean for veterinarians?

Answer 4

Yes.

Do NOT open carcasses

Question 5

How long can Bacillus anthracis spores survive?

Answer 5

More than 100 years!

Question 6

What types of animals are most susceptible to anthrax and which are most resistant?

Answer 6

Herbivores are most susceptible
Carnivores are resistant
Humans are moderately susceptible

Question 7

What is the most common route of Bacillus anthracis infection in ruminants?

Answer 7

Ingestion or inhalation

Question 8

Why is anthrax so deadly?

Answer 8

Produces several toxins

1. Protective antigen
2. Edema factor
3. Lethal toxin

Question 9

What is the disease name for cutaneous Bacillus anthracis infection?

Answer 9

Wool sorter’s disease

Question 10

What is the cause of death in animals with Bacillus anthracis infections?

Answer 10

Toxins induce vascular collapse

Question 11

What is positive about Bacillus anthracis infections?

Answer 11

It is easy to treat with antibiotics

Question 12

What is unique about carcasses infected with Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 12

No rigor mortis

Blood does not clot

Question 13

Is there a vaccine for Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 13

Yes

but only 6 months protection

Question 14

Can you get a Bacillus anthracis infection from eating meat from an infected animal?

Answer 14

Yes!

Question 15

What is the usual disease caused by Bacillus cereus?

Answer 15

Food poisoning

Esp sugar beet pulp in pigs

Question 16

Can healthy animals carry Listeria monocytogenes bacteria?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What is unique about Listeria monocytogenes bacteria?

Answer 17

Do NOT form spores

Question 18

What type of disease does Listeria monocytogenes cause?

Answer 18

Food poisoning

Question 19

What cells does Listeria monocytogenes infect?

Answer 19

Macrophages

Hepatocytes

Question 20

What are some severe outcomes of Listeria monocytogenes infection?

Answer 20

CNS infection

Abortions

Question 21

What is the major source for Human exposure to Listeria monocytogenes?

Answer 21

Turkeys

liver necrosis

Question 22

What are the two types of Listeria monocytogenes infection?

Answer 22

1. Visceral form = injection or inhalation

2. Neural form = conjunctive or trigeminal nerve

Question 23

What disease does the neural form of Listeria monocytogenes cause?

Answer 23

“Circling disease”

Cattle & sheep

Question 24

What is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Answer 24

Affects turkeys & pigs

Present in 50% of normal pigs

Question 25

What disease does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae cause?

Answer 25

"Diamond skin disease" in pigs "Blue comb" in Turkeys Can be ZOONOTIC but localized

Question 26

Is there a vaccine for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Answer 26

Yes for pigs

Question 27

What is Rhodococcus equi?

Answer 27

Commensal of tonsils of grazing animals Cause of fatal suppurative bronchopneumonia in foals Very antibiotic resistant

Question 28

How is Rhodococcus equi diagnosed?

Answer 28

See bacteria in tracheal wash

Question 29

What is Corynebacterium?

Answer 29

Common skin commensal | Sheep & goats

Question 30

What is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

Answer 30

Causes caseous lymphadenitis = sheep & goats Ulcerative lymphangitis = cattle & horses "Contagious acne"

Question 31

What is a common clinical sign of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection?

Answer 31

Abscess with ODORLESS exudate! | Slow to develop

Question 32

What diseases are caused by C. renale, C. cystitis, C. pilosum?

Answer 32

Causes pyelonephritis & cystitis Cattle Bacteria in urine

Question 33

What is the cause of "Pizzle rot" in sheep & goats?

Answer 33

Corynebacterium renale | Risk in high protein diet