ECC chapter 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

Question 1

Shock (hypoperfusion):

Answer 1

a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system in which blood circulation decreases and eventually ceases. Occurs when cells do not receive enough oxygen-rich blood

Question 2

Anaphylaxis

Answer 2

an extreme allergic reaction to a foreign substance. Commonly follows exposure to: medications (penicillin and related drugs, aspirin, sulfa drugs), food (shellfish, nuts (peanuts), eggs), insect stings (honeybee, wasp, yellow jacket, hornet, fire ant)

Question 3

Neurogenic

Answer 3

cardiovascular failure and widespread blood vessel dilation caused by spinal cord damage (can injure the part of the nervous system that controls blood vessel size and muscle tone). Blood vessels dilate (relax) widely which increases the size and capacity of the vascular system. The blood in the body can’t fill the enlarged vessels

Question 4

Psychogenic

Answer 4

sudden nervous system reaction that produces a temporary vascular dilation resulting in fainting or syncope. Blood pools in dilated vessels, limiting blood supply to the brain and the person becomes unresponsive. Causes include fear, bad news, or unpleasant sights

Question 5

Cardiovascular causes

Answer 5

pump failure, loss of fluid or blood, poor vessel function, combined vessel, and content failure

Question 6

Hemorrhage

Answer 6

a large amount of bleeding in a short time and can be life-threatening

Question 7

Arterial bleeding: i

Answer 7

initially blood spurts (up to several feet) from a wound. Most serious type of bleeding because a large amount of blood loss can occur in a very short time. Bleeding does not clot well because the high flow of blood reduces the ability of a clot to adhere to the damaged vessel

Question 8

Venous bleeding:

Answer 8

blood from a vein flows steadily or gushes. Easier to control than arterial bleeding, most bleeding will have stopped by the time you treat it. Most veins collapse when cut but bleeding from deep veins can be just as massive and hard to control as arterial bleeding

Question 9

Degloving

Answer 9

a traumatic injury that results in top layers of the skin and tissue being torn away from the underlying muscle, connective tissue or bone

Question 10

Incision

Answer 10

have smooth edges and resemble a surgical or paper cut. The amount of bleeding depends on the depth, location, and size of the wound

Question 11

Roller bandages:

Answer 11

come in various widths, lengths, and types of material. For best results use different widths for different areas:
1 in: fingers
2 in: wrists, hands, and feet
3 in: ankles, elbows, and arms
4 in: knees and legs

Question 12

Trauma dressing:

Answer 12

large, thick, absorbent, sterile materials. Individually wrapped sanitary napkins can serve as a dressing because of their bulk and absorbency, but they usually are not sterile

Question 13

Self-adhering, conforming bandages:

Answer 13

come as rolls of slightly elastic, gauze like material in various widths. Their self-adherent quality makes them easy to use

Question 14

First degree superficial burns

Answer 14

Affects epidermis
Redness, mild swelling, tenderness and pain
Healing occurs in a week

Question 15

Second degree partial-thickness burns

Answer 15

Affects inner layer and outer layer
Blisters, swelling, weeping of fluids, and severe pain
Capillary blood vessels are damaged giving up fluid int tissues

Question 16

Third degree full-thickness burns

Answer 16

Affects all skin layers
Leathery, waxy, or pearly gray skin that could be charred
Dry appearance

Question 17

First- degree treatment

Answer 17

Immerse burn area in cool or cold water, place under running cold water, or apply a wet cool or cold compress for 20 minutes for burns <5%
Atleast 10 minutes for large burns
Keep burned arm or leg raised to reduce swelling or pain
Have them drink water
After burn has been cool, apply aloe vera gel or inexpensive skin moisturizer lotion (lotions with glycerin andmineral oil)

Question 18

2nd- degree treatment

Answer 18

Small: follow steps 1-3
Apply a thin layer of antibacterial ointment
Cover the burn with loose, dry, nonstick sterile or clean dressing
Have them drink water if they do not professional care

Large:
Follow steps 1-3
Apply cold but monitor for cold stress
Call 9-1-1

Question 19

3rd- degree treatment

Answer 19

Cover the burn with dry, nonstick, sterile or clean dressing
Call 9-1-1

Question 20

Rule of Nines

Answer 20

Head 9%, arm 9%
Torso 18%, back 18%, each leg 18%
Small children and infants: head 18% and leg is 14%