Emergency Management/ Cold Emergencies

Question 1

What is the EMS?

Answer 1

Police, Fire and Medical Personnel, and individuals around the pateint

Question 2

What is the first thing you should do when you arrive at the scene?

Answer 2

check the environment and make sure you are safe!

Question 3

Emergency Action Steps:

Answer 3

Check-Call-Care

Question 4

What are the 4 basic steps to emergency action?

Answer 4

Recognize that an emergency exists
Decide to act
Activate the EMS System
Give Care until help takes over

Question 5

How do you know that an emergency exists?

Answer 5

Unusual noises, sights, odors, appearance or behaviors

Question 6

What do you have to overcome and what are some side things that occur when deciding to act?

Answer 6

Overcoming barriers to act
Panic or fear of doing something wrong
Being unsure of the person’s condition or what to do
Assuming someone else will take action
The type of illness or injury
Fear of catching a disease
Fear of being sued
Being unsure when to cal 9-1-1

Question 7

How do you activate the EMS system?

Answer 7

Call 9-1-1 first
Stay on the call

Question 8

How long should you care the patient for?

Answer 8

When help takes over
Scene is unsafe
Obvious life, such as breathing
You are too exhausted or continue

Question 9

What are the rules for Good Samaritan Act?

Answer 9

Move a person only if their life is in danger
Ask for permission before giving care
Check the person for life-threatening conditions before giving further care
Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number
Continue to give care until trained personnel take over
Do not abandon the person or act in a reckless or negligent way

Question 10

When do you have to help someone?

Answer 10

designated by your employer
depending on the state
pre-existing relationship with other people
involved in the events that led to the person’s injury

Question 11

Act of omission

Answer 11

[failing to do
the right thing what a person with similar training would do

Question 12

An act of commission

Answer 12

doing something wrong

Question 13

Informed consent:

Answer 13

when you ask the patient for consent
Must inform the person: Who you are, your training, what you think is wrong with them, and what you plan to do

Question 14

Implied consent

Answer 14

law assumes they would accept care falls under Good Samaritan Act; must obatin permission from the patient if available life threatening= implied

Question 15

When do Good Samarital laws do no protect the first aid providers?

Answer 15

Who have caused further injury to a person
Who have given first aid poorly
Who have exceeded the scope of training

Question 16

What are the 3 C’s?

Answer 16

Check the scene,Call 9-1-1,Care for the person

Question 17

What do you do when you check the scene?

Answer 17

Check if it is safe, look for clues , look for how many people were involved, and look for people who are available to help

Question 18

When do you call 9-1-1?

Answer 18

Unconsciousness, breathing issues, strokes, seizures, chest pain, persistent abdominal pain or pressure, severe bleeding, vomiting blood, passing blood, poisoning, etc.
Downed electrical wires, fire, explosions, serious car accidents, people who cannot be moved, presence or poison, swiftly moving or rising water

Question 19

When do you call first?

Answer 19

An adult or child who is unconscious; child or infant you saw collapse; child or infant with heart problems

Question 20

When do you care first and for how long?

Answer 20

2 minutes of care then call 9-1-1
Unconscious child who you did not see collapse; drowning victim

Question 21

What do you do when you care for the person?

Answer 21

Check for life-threatening conditions
Do not further harm the victim
Monitor the person’s breathing and unconsciousness
Help the person rest in the most comfortable position
don’t transport a person

Question 22

What are the guidelines for transporting a person?

Answer 22

don’t transport the person when it aggravates an illness or injury
have someone with you
take the quickest orute

Question 23

When do cold emergencies occur?

Answer 23

Surrounded in an environment cooler than your body= heat loss

Question 24

What are the 2 Biological Defense Mechanisms

Answer 24

Vasoconstriction: tightening of blood vessels→ numbness
Shivering: involuntary/ contracting of muscles- body heat

Question 25

People susceptible to cold injuries (3-5)

Answer 25

Old people
Unfit
Dehydration
Lean people
Alcohol and caffeine
Nicotine
No nutrition
Illness and injury
Previous cold injury

Question 26

What causes hypothermia?

Answer 26

Low body temperature= a long exposure to very cold temperatures

Question 27

Risks for Hypothermia?

Answer 27

Older adults with inadequate food, clothing, or heating
Babies sleeping in cold bedrooms
People who remain outdoors for long periods-the homeless, hikers, hunters, skiers, snowboarders, ice skating, etc.
People who drink alcohol or use illicit drugs

Question 28

Signs and Symptoms for Hypothermia?

Answer 28

shivering, exhaustion, cool abdomen, low core temperature, confusion, fumbling hands, memory loss, slurred speech, drowsiness

Question 29

Treatment for Hypothermia?

Answer 29

Do not rub the patient
Remove wet clothing and put the victim into a warm room or shelter
Warm blankets and clothing
Use skin-to-skin contact
Warm chest, neck, head, and groin
Warm beverages

Question 30

What causes Frostbite?

Answer 30

Caused by freezing that results in the loss of feeling in the affected areas.
affects the nose, ears, cheeks, chin, fingers or toes.
can permanently damage the body, and severe cases can lead to amputation.

Question 31

Risks for Frostbite

Answer 31

Poor blood circulation, not properly dressed for extremely cold temperatures

Question 32

Signs and Symptoms for Frostbite

Answer 32

Redness or pain
Protect any exposed skin
White or garish yellow skin area
Firm or waxy skin
Numbness

Question 33

Treatment for Frostbite

Answer 33

Check if there is no hypothermia (medical assistance)
Warm room
Do not walk on frostbitten toes
Immerse the affected area in warm water
Use body heat
Do not rub or massage the frostbitten area
Do not use electric or artificial heating only body heat

Question 34

Prevention for Frostbite?

Answer 34

The limit being outside in cold, wet, or windy weather
Dress warmly and cover yourself
Wear mittens
Wear socks that fit well
Watch for signs of frostbite
Protect yourself by carrying emergency supplies
Don’t drink alcohol in cold weather
Eat balanced meals and stay hydrated
Exercise

Question 35

What causes trench foot?

Answer 35

Feet are wet for long periods of time

Question 36

What are symptoms of Trench foot?

Answer 36

Tingling and/or itching sensation
Pain, swelling, cold and blotchy skin, numbness, and a prickly or heavy feeling in the foot.
Foot may be red, dry, and painful after it becomes warm.
Blisters may form, followed by skin and tissue drying and falling off.
In severe and untreated involve the toes, heel, or entire foot.

Question 37

Prevention for Trench foot?

Answer 37

Air-dry and elevate your feet
And wear dry shoes and socks

Question 38

Treatment for Trench Foot

Answer 38

Air-dry and elevate your feet
And wear dry shoes and socks
Soak in warm water for 5 minutes and apply warm packs
Do not wear socks when sleeping or resting
Medical assistance

Question 39

What causes chilblain?

Answer 39

Painful inflammation of small blood vessels in the skin in response to cold not freezing air
Causes itching, red patches, swelling and blistering on hands and feet
Clears up 1-3 weeks, especially when weather gets warmer

Question 40

Treatment for Chilblain

Answer 40

Use lotions and protect from cold
Can lead to infection and severe damage if untreated

Question 41

gangrene

Answer 41

when the tissue dies