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Geography > Economic inequality pt 2 > Flashcards

Economic inequality pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Negatives of aid

A

Countries become dependent on aid
Corruption - aid can be stolen
Tied aid - richer country can benefit mire
More spending on arms and weapons

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2
Q

Ireland’s aid programme Bilateral aid - Ethiopia

A

€26 mil in 2013
One of poorest countries in world
Irish Aid since 1994
Focuses on: Food security, Health, Education, HIV/AIDS, Governance

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3
Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Bilateral aid to Ethiopia

Food security

A

Work for food programme - exchange labour for food or wages, saves lives - 7 mil from starvation.
Supports work to provide sustainable food supply

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4
Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Bilateral aid to Ethiopia

Health

A

€16 mil on health centres, vaccinations, drugs, school supplies
Construction of water pipes and wells

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5
Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Bilateral aid to Ethiopia

Education

A

Support for 30,000 healthcare workers - education 9 assistance to ensure babies delivered safely

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6
Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Bilateral aid to Ethiopia

HIV/AIDs

A

Estimate 2 mil live with HIV/AIDS
1 mil children orphaned by it
14% Irish aid spent on work against it

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7
Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Bilateral aid to Ethiopia

Governance

A

6% Irish aid spent on governance issues

Reforming shstems, supporting human rights, tackling corruption

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8
Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Multilateral aid

A

To UN + EU each year
€95.4m to UN, €23m to EU in 2010
Many used in aid programmes

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9
Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Emergency aid

A

Philippines in 2010 - tents and blankets to 350,000 homeless people

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10
Q

Ireland’s aid programme - Ireland’s NGOs

A

Contribute to developing countries
Educate people to provide for own needs
Trócaire, Concern, Bóthar, Goal

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11
Q

Positives of aid

A

Vital in times of natural disaster.
Healthcare and education improve
Relationships and links can be forged
NGOs help up skill local people to help themselves.

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12
Q

Factors affecting ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

A

Climate
Rapid population growth
War
Expenditure on weapons

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13
Q

Sudan’s problems

A

Climate
Rapid population growth
War
Expenditure on arms

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14
Q

Sudan’s problems - Climate

A

North Sudan - desert, little vegetation
South Sudan - little rainfall
Difficult to grow crops & feed people
Drought + famine

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15
Q

Sudan’s problems - Rapid population growth

A

High birth rate
Population growing quickly
Only 46% women are literate. Most have at least 4 children

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16
Q

Sudan’s problems - War

A

Two ethnic groups, Arab Muslims in north, Christians in south.
Long civil war between two groups 1983-2002
Farming, health, education services distrupted

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17
Q

Sudan’s problems - Expenditure on arms

A

Lots of money on weapons spent

1993 gov spent 9 times more on army than on healthcare

18
Q

Economic inequality in EU

A

Economic inequality present.
Core region (Manchester Milan axis) very wealthy.
Parts of periphery - poorer eg. southern Italy, north + west Ireland, Scotland.
Many new members - poorest countries. Economies have yet to catch up with Western Europe

19
Q

Economic inequality in Ireland

A

Border Midland Western (BMW) region - poorer

Southern + Eastern - wealthier

20
Q

Why difference exists

A

Population
Landscape and relief
Infrastructure
Economic activity

21
Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - South and East

Population

A

High pop. density + immigration
3 mil. people
70% of pop.

22
Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - South and East

Landscape and relief

A

Mainly lowland
mid climate
fertile soils

23
Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - South and East

Infrastructure

A

Well-developed networks

Airports - Dublin, Shannon, Cork

24
Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - South and East

Economic activity

A

95% in service industry
High income + standard of living
Variety of services
Attractive for industry

25
Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - BMW region

Population

A

Low pop. density
High emigration
1 mil. people
30% of pop.

26
Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - BMW region

Landscape and relief

A

Mountain regions
Blanket bogland
Heavily leached soils

27
Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - BMW region

Infrastructure

A

Poor road network
One major airport - Knock
One motorway (Galway to Dublin)

28
Q

Economic inequality: Ireland - BMW region

Economic activity

A 
15% subsistence agriculture
Unproductive farms
Part-time farmers
Lack of services
Unattractive for industry
29
Q

Economic Inequality: Italy

A

North of Italy - wealthy region

South of Italy (Mezzogiorno) - poor region

30
Q

Economic inequality: Italy - North of Italy

Population

A

High population density in large urban centres eg. Milan, Turin, Genoa
High in-migration levels

31
Q

Economic inequality: Italy - North of Italy

Landscape and relief

A

Low-lying land in northern plains
Very fertile soils
Fertile flood plains of River Po
Very profitable + productive cereal-farming industry

32
Q

Economic inequality: Italy - North of Italy

Infrastructure

A

Good road networks
Excellent rail networks
Several major airports
Good access to markets

33
Q

Economic inequality: Italy - North of Italy

Economic activity

A 
Highly industrialised
Good supply of HEP (hydroelectric power)
Low unemployment in industrial triangle - Milam, Turin, Genoa
High living standard
Good supply of services
34
Q

Economic inequality: Italy - South of Italy (Mezzogiorno)

Population

A

High out-migration levels
Young educated people leaving
Low population density
Ageing population

35
Q

Economic inequality: Italy - South of Italy (Mezzogiorno)

Landscape and relief

A

85% mountainous (Apennines)
Poor soils (terra rossa)
Mediterranean climate
Summer drought

36
Q

Economic inequality: Italy - South of Italy (Mezzogiorno)

Infrastructure

A

Poor infrastructure

Autostrada (motorway) built linking north to south

37
Q

Economic inequality: Italy - South of Italy (Mezzogiorno)

Economic activity

A 
High unemployment levels
Low living standard
Subsistence farming
Cash crops eg. citrus fruits
Industrial triangle - Hari, Brindisi, Taranto
Tourism
38
Q

Cassa per il Mezzogiorno

A 
Funding scheme (fund for the south)
Introduced in 1950s
Irrigation schemes
Autostrada roads built
New airports opened
State-owned companies told to invest
Industrial triangle developed
Recognised as disadvantaged region - receives EU funding
39
Q

Solutions to economic inequality

A

Aid
Fair trade
Debt

40
Q

Solutions to economic inequality

Aid

A

Much reach intended targets
Must be focused on education
Tied aid must cease as allows exploitation

41
Q

Solutions to economic inequality

Fair trade

A

Must receive fair price for products
Exploitation must not be allowed
Abolish taxes on imported goods
Stop child labour, low wages, exploitation of workers

42
Q

Solutions to economic inequality

Debt

A

Clear loans (developing world owed 500 billion dollars in 2005)
Some countries debt cancelled in 2005
Debt cancellation - positive results in 18 countries
Zambia used savings to invest in health, education, infrastructure

Geography (25 decks)

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