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Parasitology > Ectoparasites VII: Diptera II > Flashcards

Ectoparasites VII: Diptera II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the families of Nematocera?

A

Culicidae (mosquitoes)
Ceratopogonidae (biting midges)
Simuliidae (black flies)
Psychodidae (sand flies)

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2
Q

Describe nematocera

A 
Delicate flies
Segmented antennae
Semi-aquatic to aquatic breeding sites
Only adult females are blood-feeders
Males live on nectar
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3
Q

What is the veterinary importance of Nematocera?

A

Their important mainly as vectors

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4
Q

What is the antennae on Cilicidae (mosquitoes) like?

A

Long

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5
Q

Where do Culicidae (mosquitoes) lay eggs?

A

On soil or water

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6
Q

Describe the stages of Culicidae (mosquitoes) life cycle

A 
Larval instars (4)
Pupae require water
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7
Q

For the Culicidae that are parasitic, how often do females feed?

A

Every few days

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8
Q

What is the veterinary direct disease importance of Culicidae?

A

Nuisance, allergies

Blood loss

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9
Q

What is the veterinary indirect disease importance of Culicidae?

A

Vectors

Nematodes, protozoans, viruses

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10
Q

What do Culicidae feed on?

A

1/2 species feed mostly on mammals
1/3 species feed mostly on birds
Some feed on mostly reptiles and amphibians

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11
Q

What is the role of Culicidae in the ecosystem?

A

Serve as food for fish, tadpoles, bats, etc

Adults contribute to pollination

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12
Q

How long does the Culicidae life cycle take to complete?

A

As little as 4 days to more than 1 month

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13
Q

Describe the Culicidae life cycle

A

Adult emerges from pupa, dries, and flies off
Non-feeding pupa also uses siphon to take in air
Larvae usually have a siphon at water surface to take in air
Eggs are laid in an area that will become wet, or on or above existing water surface

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14
Q

What are Culicidae standing water breeders?

A

Eggs need water
Anopheles (common malaria mosquito)
Culex (southern house mosquito)

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15
Q

What are Culicidae flood water breeders?

A

Eggs in moist soil or artifical containers
Hatch with rain or flood
Aedes (inland floodwater mosquito, eastern salmarsh mosquito)

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16
Q

What are the Culicidae subfamilies and genera?

A

Anophelinae: Anopheles
Culicinae: Aedes, Culex

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17
Q

Describe Anopheles

A

Air tube absent

Rests parallel to water surface

18
Q

Describe Aedes and Culex

A

Short air tube: air tube present, rests at angle below water surface
Slender air tube: air tube present, rests at angle below water surface

19
Q

Describe Anopheles quadrimaculatus

A

Most common anopheline in eastern US
Feed mainly in big mammals
Vector for agents of malaria and heartworm

20
Q

What Culicidae are important for heartworms?

A

Culex quinquefaciatus

Aedes vexans

21
Q

How are Culicidae managed?

A

Integrate pest management:
Biological- larvicides
Mechanical- drain swamps, clean ditches, bed nets
Chemical- larvicides, adulticides, repellants

22
Q

What is the genera of Ceratopogonidae (biting midges)?

A

Culicoides

23
Q

Where is Culicoides spp. found?

A

Near fresh or salt water

24
Q

Where do Culicodes spp. lay eggs?

A

On moist surface or in water

25
Q

What is the flight range of Culicoides spp?

A

Short flight range usually

Active dawn and dusk

26
Q

What are the bites of Culicoides spp like?

A

Very painful

May cause hypersensitivity reactions

27
Q

What are the viruses that biting midges are vectors of?

A

Bluetongue

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease

28
Q

What are the nematodes that biting midges are vectors of?

A

Onchocerciasis

29
Q

What are the protozoa that biting midges are vectors of?

A

Avian hemosporidians (Haemoproteus spp. and Luecocytozoon spp.)

30
Q

Describe Simulium spp

A

Black flies
Small, stout-bodies, hump on throax
Short antennae

31
Q

Where do Simulium spp breed?

A

In running water

32
Q

When do Simulium spp. bite?

A

Daytime

33
Q

What are the viruses that black flies are vectors of?

A

Vesicular stomatitis

34
Q

What are the nematodes that black flies are vectors of?

A

Onchocerciasis

35
Q

What are the protozoa that black flies are vectors of?

A

Leucocytozoon spp

36
Q

Describe Lutzomyia spp.

A 
Sand flies
Small, dull-colored
Nocturnal
Rest in moist places during the day
Short-lived as adults
Weak fliers
37
Q

What is the virus the sand flies are vectors of?

A

Vesicular stomatitis

38
Q

What is the protozoa the sand flies are vectors of?

A

Leishmania spp.

39
Q

Describe Reduviid bugs

A

Kissing bugs

Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease in canids and humans)

40
Q

Describe bed bugs

A

Increasing populations
Disease transmission is not confirmed
Exsanguination in chickens

Parasitology (27 decks)

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