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Parasitology > Protozoa III & IV: Apicomplexa Eimeria, Isospora > Flashcards

Protozoa III & IV: Apicomplexa Eimeria, Isospora Flashcards

1
Q

What is sporogony in the Apicomplexa generic life cycle?

A

Asexual reproduction; a single zygote produces infective sporozites

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2
Q

What is merogony (schizogony) in the Apicomplexa generic life cycle?

A

Asexual reproduction; sporozites undergo a rapid division to become meront stages containing numerous invasive merozoites
Several generations possible, depending on species

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3
Q

What is gametogony (gamogony) in the Apicomplexa generic life cycle?

A

Merozoites differentiate into gametes

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4
Q

What is fertilization in the Apicomplexa generic life cycle?

A

Gametes fuse to produce zygote

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5
Q

What is the Coccidian generic life cycle?

A

Zygote—sporogony—sporozoites—host cell invasion—merozites (which undergo merogony/schizogony)—Gamogony—gametes—fertilization— and the cycle begins again at zygote

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6
Q

What is the specificity of Eimeria spp.?

A

Host specific and site specific

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7
Q

What is the most common Eimeria spp. in cattle?

A

E. zuernii

Also, E. bovis

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8
Q

Is Eimeria infectious in a dog or cat?

A

No

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9
Q

Why could Eimeria be seen in the fecal float of a dog?

A

They eat poop

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10
Q

What are the pathogenic species of Eimeria?

A

E. bovis, E. zuernii (cattle)

E. tenella, E. maxima (chickens)

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11
Q

What are Eimeria oocysts like?

A

Unsporulated when released in feces

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12
Q

Where does sporogony occur for Eimeria?

A

In the environment

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13
Q

Describe the Eimeria sporulated oocyst?

A

Has 4 sporocsyts, each with 2 sporozoites

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14
Q

Describe the Eimeria life cycle

A 
Ingested
Sporozoites infect target cells
Merogony
Gametogony
Gametes fuse- oocyst produced
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15
Q

What are factors that contribute to the pathology of Eimeria?

A

Host
Species
Site of infection
Challenge

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16
Q

What are general clinical signs of Eimeria?

A

Severe, watery diarrhea, dehydration
Bloody feces
Loss of weight/decreased weight gain
Lethargy/depression

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17
Q

When is damage done with Eimeria?

A

Once oocysts are present

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18
Q

What disease is E. zuernii associated with?

A

Nervous coccidiosis

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19
Q

What is the prepatent period of EImeria in cattle?

A

2-3 weeks

20
Q

What are the pathogenic Eimeria species in sheep?

A

E. ahsata
E. ovina
E. ovinoidalis

21
Q

How are the lesions from Eimeria diagnosed?

A

Direct smear
Lesion scoring
Histology

22
Q

What is the fecal examination of Eimeria?

A

Sugar flotation, McMaster’s

If identifying oocyst, don’t refrigerate because it delays the sporulation process (48 hour process)

23
Q

What are methods of control for Eimeria?

A 
Anticoccidials: prophylactic treatment
Live cocci vaccines (poultry)
Environmental control (sanitation, litter management)
Animal management (monitoring; mixed ages; prophylactic treatment programs)
24
Q

Describe the direct life cycle of Isospora/Cystoisospora

A

Unsporulated oocysts shed in environment— sporogony— sporulated—oocysts

25
Q

Describe the Isospora/Cystoisospora oocysts

A

2 dporocysts with 4 sporozites each

26
Q

What are the target cells of Isospora?

A

Intestinal

27
Q

What are the target cells of Cystoisospora?

A

Intestinal development if the definitive host ingests sporulated oocyst
Extraintestinal development if paratenic host ingests sporulated oocyst- monozoic tissue cyst form

28
Q

What are the asexual stages of the Isospora/Cystoisospora direct life cycle?

A 
Sporozoites invade host intestinal cell and undergo merogony
Merozoites formed
Invade new host cell
Second generation of merozoites
Invade new cells
29
Q

What are the sexual stages of the Isospora/Cystoisospora direct life cycle?

A 
Gametogony:
Male/female gametes
Fertilization
Oocysts produced
Passed in feces unsporulated
30
Q

Describe the indirect life cycle of Cystoisospora

A

Insporulated oocysts shed in environment
Sporogony
Sprulated oocysts (2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites each)

31
Q

What does the definitive host ingest in the indirect life cycle of Cystoisospora?

A

Sporulated oocysts

32
Q

What does the paratenic host ingest in the indirect life cycle of Cystoisospora?

A

Monozoic cysts, then sporozoites released, and infect intestinal cells

33
Q

What are the asexual stages of the Cystoisospora indirect life cycle?

A 
Sporozoites invade host intestinal cell undergo merogony
Merozoites formed
Invade new host cell
Second generation of merozoites
Invade new cells
34
Q

What are the sexual stages of the Cystoisospora indirect life cycle?

A 
Gametogony:
Male/female gametes
Fertilization
Oocysts produced
Passed in feces unsporulated
35
Q

What is the PPP for Isospora/Cystoisospora?

A

At least 1 week

36
Q

Describe Isospora suis

A

Neonatal porcine coccidiosis
Ubiquitous where pigs are farrowed in confinement
15-20% of swine diarrhea diagnostic cases in US

37
Q

What is the PPP of Neonatal porcine coccidiosis/Isospora suis?

A

As short as 5 days, oocysts shed in 1-3 weeks

38
Q

What are the clinical signs and pathology os Isospora suis?

A 
Diarrhea
Dehydration
Lethargy
Destruction of villus epithelium in SI
Mortalities
39
Q

What is the diarrhea caused by Isospora suis like?

A

Develops 7-14 days of age

Pasty yellow; becomes fluid after 2-3 days

40
Q

How is the fecal oocyst of Isospora suis detected?

A

Fecal flotation

41
Q

What are the control methods of Isospora suis?

A

Place sows on anticoccidial during third trimester
Steam clean facilites
Albon and other sulfonamides
Baycox

42
Q

Describe Cystoisospora in dogs

A

Ubiquitous in young dogs

Host specific

43
Q

What are the clinical signs of Cystoisospora in young dogs?

A

Diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, weight loss

Asexual/sexual stage destroy intestinal cells

44
Q

At what age is Isospora/Cystoisospora more pathogenic in cats?

A

4 weeks or younger

45
Q

What are the diagnostics of Isospora/Cystoisospora in dogs and cats?

A

Fecal oocyst is detected by fecal flotation

Sporulation: 16 hours

46
Q

What are the control methods of Isospora/Cystoisospora in dogs and cats?

A

Disencourage ingestion of paratenic hosts
Sanitation
Treat all animals
Anticoccidials

Parasitology (27 decks)

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