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Parasitology > Nematodes V: Hookworms > Flashcards

Nematodes V: Hookworms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathogenicity of Bunosomum phlebotomum?

A

Highly pathogenic

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2
Q

What is the entry site of Bunosomum phlebotomum?

A

Skin and intestines

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3
Q

What does Bunosomum phlebotomum cause at the skin entry site?

A

Irritation and pruritus
Swelling, scabs
Penetration of larvae may cause cattle to stamp their feed, lick their legs

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4
Q

What does Bunosomum phlebotomum cause at the intesintal entry site?

A

Villi loss
Inflammation
Hemorrhagic lesions

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5
Q

Does Bunosomum phlebotomum have heavy infections with adults or calves?

A

Adults

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6
Q

What is the DH of Bunosomum phlebotomum?

A

Wild and domestic ruminants

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7
Q

What is the site of Bunosomum phlebotomum adults?

A

Small intestines (duodenum)

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8
Q

What is the distribution of Bunosomum phlebotomum?

A

Worldwide (temperate regions)

US: South and Midwest

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9
Q

What are clinical signs of Bunostomum phlebotomum?

A 
Anemia
Diarrhea
Submandiular edema
Emaciation
Weakness
Death is possible
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10
Q

How can you diagnose Bunostomum phlebotomum eggs?

A

Fecal flotation
Shell a little thicker, dirty looking
Fewer cells (4-8)

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11
Q

How can you diagnose Bunostomum phlebotomum adults?

A

Robust worms
Chitinous cutting plates
Large buccal cavity

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12
Q

What is the DH of Bunostomum trifonocephalum?

A

Sheep
Goats
Alpacas
Llamas

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13
Q

What is the site of Bunostomum trigonocephalum?

A

Small intestines (jejunum, ileum)

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14
Q

What are the signs of Bunostomum trigonocephalum?

A 
Irritation at entry site
Progressive anemia
Diarrhea
Edema
Death possible
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15
Q

What is the method of diagnosing Bunostomum trigonocephalum?

A

Fecal flotation for eggs

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16
Q

What is the treatment of Bunostomum?

A

Various anthelmintics

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17
Q

What is the host of Ancylostoma caninum?

A

Canine

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18
Q

What is the host of Ancylostoma tubaeforme?

A

Feline

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19
Q

What is the host of Ancylostoma brazuliense?

A

Canine and feline

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20
Q

What is the host of Unconaria stenocephala?

A

Canine and feline (more common in colder climates in US)

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21
Q

What do hookworms look like in general?

A

Curved on anterior end

Males have a copulatory bursa

22
Q

What makes Ancylostoma caninum and A. tubaeforme unique?

A

3 pairs of teeth

23
Q

What makes Ancylostoma braziliense unique?

A

1 pair of teeth

24
Q

What makes Unicinaria stenocephala unique?

A

Cutting plates

25
Q

What are the paratenic hosts of Ancylostoma caninum?

A

Vertebrates (rodents)

Cockroaches

26
Q

What is the site of Ancylostoma adults?

A

Small intestine

27
Q

What is the distribution on Ancylostoma caninum?

A

Tropical/subtropical
Does not tolerate freezing well
Larvae like well-drained soil, shade, warmth, humidity
North America

28
Q

What are 4 potential routes of Ancylostoma caninum infection?

A
  1. L3 penetrate skin
  2. DH ingests L3; enter SI crypts
  3. PH ingests L3: L3 arrest-reactivated; Enter SI crypts; DH ingests PH
  4. Pregnant bitch ingests L3: L3 –> lungs –> somatic tissue; arrests-reactivated; Mammary glands; nursing pup ingests L3; L3 enter Si crypts in pup
29
Q

Describe peracute Ancylostoma caninum disease

A 
Puppies
Pale membranes, dark feces
Possible rapid decline in health at 2 weeks
Zero eggs per gram (EPG)
Coma; death
30
Q

Describe acute Ancylostoma caninum disease

A

Older pup, mature
Severe anemia
May still have zero EPG

31
Q

Describe chronic Ancylostoma caninum disease

A

Asymptomatic or slightly anemic
Eggs in feces
Immunocompetent host

32
Q

Describe secondary Ancylostoma caninum disease

A

Older animal
Profound anemia
Immunocompromised
Secondary to other disease

33
Q

What is the site of Ancylostoma braziliense?

A

Small intestine

34
Q

What is the distribution of Ancylostoma braziliense?

A

Tropical/subtropical

35
Q

What is the site of Ancylostoma tubaeforme?

A

Small intestines

36
Q

What is the distribution of Ancylosotoma tubaeforme?

A

Worldwide, but increased prevalence in warmer climates

37
Q

What is the most important transmission route of Ancylostoma spp.? What is the PPP?

A

Transmammary

14 days

38
Q

What is the pathology associated with Ancylostoma larvae?

A

Dermatitis

Pneumonia

39
Q

What is the pathology associated with Ancylostoma adults?

A

Anemia
Enteritis
Edema

40
Q

What is the most pathogenic of thee Ancylostoma spp?

A

A. caninum

41
Q

What is the number of hookworms able to mature in SI influenced by?

A

Age
Acquired immunity
Premunition

42
Q

When can immunity to Ancylostoma infection develop?

A

Mature dogs may harbor small numbers of worms and contaminate the environment. If well-nourished and immunocompetent, they will show few clinical signs

43
Q

What is the paratenic host of Uncinaria stenocephala?

A

Rodents

44
Q

What is the site of Uncinaria stenocephala?

A

Small intestine

45
Q

What climate is Uncinaria stenocephala found in?

A

Cooler

46
Q

Describe Uncinaria stenocephala larvae?

A

Resistant to freezing

Can survive several days of freezing temperatures

47
Q

What are 3 potential routes of Uncinaria stenocephala infection?

A
  1. Uncommon: L3 penetrates skin; circulatory system to heart/lungs; cough/swallow
  2. DH ingests L3; enter SI crypts
  3. PH ingests L3
    NO TRANSMAMMARY
48
Q

What is the least pathogenic hookworm in dogs?

A

Uncinaria stenocephala

49
Q

How much blood do Uncinaria stenocephala adults ingest?

A

About 1-2% of blood volume that A. caninum ingests

50
Q

How do you diagnose Uncinaria stenocephala eggs?

A

Flotation

Look similar to Ancylostoma, which are usually smaller than Uncinaria

51
Q

How do diagnose Unicinaria stenocephala adults?

A

Chitinous plates (no teeth)

52
Q

What is the species with the highest prevalence in cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) in humans?

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

Parasitology (27 decks)

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