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Parasitology > Nematodes VIII: Capillarids, Trichinella, and Trichurids > Flashcards

Nematodes VIII: Capillarids, Trichinella, and Trichurids Flashcards

1
Q

What is unique about the superfamily Trichinelloidea eggs?

A

All lay eggs with 2 polar plugs except Trichinella spp. in which females are larviparous

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2
Q

What is the superfamily Trichinelloidea characterized by?

A

Stichosomse esophagus

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3
Q

What is the tube in the superfamily Trichinelloidea surrounded by?

A

Cells called stichocytes, which are arranged single file down the length of the tube

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4
Q

What is the host of Trichuris suis?

A

Swine

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5
Q

What is the route of infection of Trichuris suis?

A

Peroral

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6
Q

What is the PPP of Trichuris suis?

A

6-7 weeks

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7
Q

What is the host of Trichuris disolor, T. krjabini, and T. ovis?

A

Ruminants

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8
Q

What is the route of infection of Trichuris disolor, T. krjabini, and T. ovis?

A

Peroral

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9
Q

What is the PPP of Trichuris disolor, T. krjabini, and T. ovis?

A

7-9 weeks

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10
Q

What is the host of Trichuris vulpis?

A

Canids

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11
Q

What is the route of infection of Trichuris vulpis?

A

Peroral

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12
Q

What is the PPP of Trichuris vulpis?

A

11-12 weeks

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13
Q

What is the host of Trichuris campanula?

A

Felids

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14
Q

What is the route of infection of Trichuris campanula?

A

Peroral

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15
Q

What is the PPP of Trichuris campanula?

A

8-13 weeks

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16
Q

What is the host and route of infection of Trichuris serrata?

A

Rare to show in a host

Peroral

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17
Q

What is the life cycle of Trichuris spp.?

A 
Eggs passed in feces
L1 develops in egg; does not hatch
L1 in egg ingested
Hatches in SI
Migrates to mucosal glands of cecum
L1, L2, L3, immature afult
Immature adults return to lumen of cecum
Adults attach to mucosa
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18
Q

How long are infective Trichuris vulpis viable?

A

Years

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19
Q

Is there disease associated with developing Trichuris vulpis larvae?

A

No, it’s when they get into the cecum

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20
Q

What is the technique of choice when diagnosing Trichuris spp?

A

Fecal flotation

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21
Q

How can you control Trichuris spp?

A

Change your management techniques

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22
Q

What is the DH of Eucoleus aerophilus?

A

Cats, dogs, carnivores

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23
Q

What is the site of Eucoleus aerophilus adults?

A

Epithelium of trachea

Bronchioles

24
Q

What is the host of Eucoleus boehmi?

A

Canids

25
Q

What is the site of Eucoleus boehmi adults?

A

Mucosa of nasal turbinates or frontal/paranasal sinuses

26
Q

What is the host of Aonchotheca putorii?

A

Cats and dogs

27
Q

What is the site of Aonchotheca putorii adults?

A

Stomach

28
Q

What is the host of Pearsonema plica?

A

Cats and dogs

29
Q

What is the site of Pearsonema plica adults?

A

Urinary bladder mucose

30
Q

What is the host of Pearsonema felis-cati?

A

Cats

31
Q

What is the site of Peasonemal felis-cati adults?

A

Urinary bladder mucosa or free in bladder

32
Q

What is Eucoleus aerophils primarily a parasite of?

A

Respiratory tract of fox

33
Q

What is the life cycle of Eucoleus boehmi?

A

Direct

Adults threaded through nasal sinus mucosa

34
Q

What is the DH of Trichinella spiralis

A

Swine

35
Q

What is the site of Trichinella spiralis?

A

Mucosa of small intestine

36
Q

What Trichinella species are found in the US?

A

T. nativa
T. pseudospiralis
T. murelli

37
Q

What is the DH of Trichinellosis?

A

Adult nematodes in intestines

38
Q

What is the ingective stage of Trichinellosis?

A

L1 distributed in cysts (nurse cell) throughout the muscle of host

39
Q

What are the Trichinella spirallis cycles?

A

Sylvatic cycle
Domestine (urban) cycle
Human infection

40
Q

What is the sylvatc cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

A

Predation

Wild carnivorous/omnivorous mammals and prey species

41
Q

What is the domestic cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

A

Meat scraps/cannibalism

Prey species ingested by pigs, dogs, or cats

42
Q

What causes human infections with Triichinella spiralis?

A 
Undercooked;
Pork
Pork products
Horse meat
Bear meat
Walrus meat
43
Q

What causes clinical signs with Trichinella spiralis?

A

Adult worms in SI

Larvae (L1 in muscle)

44
Q

Are there signs in swine naturally infected with Trichinella spiralis?

A

No

45
Q

What is the pathology associated with Trichinella spiralis?

A

Larvae enter myocytes and are encapsulated by host-derived membrane
Cysts calcify over time
Myocarditis

46
Q

How do you diagnose Trichinella spiralis?

A

Muscle biopsy/squash

47
Q

What does the muscle biopsy/squash deteect?

A

3 larvae/g of muscle

48
Q

What is involved in the pre-slaughter control of Trichinella spiralis?

A

OIE: world organization for animal health

49
Q

What is the purpose of OIE?

A

Farm audits performed by veterinarians
Certify farms as free from Trichinella spiralis infection
To open up trade restrictions

50
Q

What are post ahrvest methods for Trichinella spp. management?

A

Slaughter testing
Processing techniques
Consumer education

51
Q

What is Dioctophyme renale?

A

Giant kidney worm

52
Q

What is the DH of Dioctophyme renale?

A

Mustelids (mink, weasels, otters, badgers, ferrets)

Carnivores, canids, felids

53
Q

What is the IH of Dioctophyme renale?

A

Invertebrates (earthworms)

54
Q

What is the PH of Dioctophyme renale?

A

Crustaceans

55
Q

What are incidental hosts of Dioctophyme renale?

A

Other mammals
Herbivories
Humans (public health risk)

56
Q

Where can you usually find Dioctophyme renale adults?

A

Right kidney

57
Q

Where are Dioctophyme renale eggs found?

A

In urine (sediment)

Parasitology (27 decks)

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