endocrine

Question 1

what is used in addition to metformin when patient has chronic heart failure

Answer 1

SGLT2 inhibitor
- empagliflozin

Question 2

water deprivation results for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 2

urine osmolality after fluid deprivation: low
urine osmolality after desmopressin: low

Question 3

cause of nephrogenic diabetes inspidus

Answer 3

lithium

Question 4

weight gain with hypertension, lethargy and proximal muscle weakness is suggestive of

Answer 4

Cushing syndrome

Question 5

what is a risk factor for graves disease

Answer 5

smoking

Question 6

what cancer is hashimotos associated with

Answer 6

MALT

Question 7

results in Kallmanns syndrome

Answer 7

low FSH/LH
low testosterone

Question 8

how do you manage primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 8

spironolactone

Question 9

which thyroid carcinoma is phaeochromocytoma associated with

Answer 9

medullary

Question 10

what is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 10

bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

Question 11

what are C-peptide levels in someone with T1DM

Answer 11

low

Question 12

what does gliclazide do to C-peptide levels

Answer 12

elevates them

Question 13

1st line treatment for prolactinoma

Answer 13

cabergoline (dopamine agonist)

Question 14

what cardiac condition can hyperthyroidism lead to

Answer 14

high output cardiac failure

Question 15

what is the 1st line test for acromegaly

Answer 15

IGF-1

Question 16

if on a steroid what is the sick day rule

Answer 16

double the dose

Question 17

can you give amitriptyline if a patient has benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 17

no
due to risk of urinary retention

Question 18

what medication is used for acromegaly

Answer 18

ocreotide

Question 19

hypertensive and hypokalaemia think

Answer 19

primary hyperaldosteronism

Question 20

what is the dexamethasone suppression test of someone with Cushing syndrome caused by adrenal adenoma

Answer 20

corticosteroid - not suppressed
ACTH - suppressed

Question 21

1st line investigation for patient with cushings

Answer 21

overnight dexamethasone suppression test

Question 22

side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors

Answer 22

urinary tract infections

Question 23

most common cause of hypopituitarism

Answer 23

pituitary adenoma

Question 24

how to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes using tests

Answer 24

C peptide
antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase

Question 25

treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy

Answer 25

propylthiouracil

Question 26

ABG result of DKA

Answer 26

metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation and increased anion gap

Question 27

what diabetic medication also induces weight loss

Answer 27

SLGT2 inhibitors

Question 28

how does splenectomy affect HbA1c

Answer 28

increases it

Question 29

does gliclazide cause weight gain or weight loss

Answer 29

weight gain

Question 30

glucocorticoid affect on neutrophils

Answer 30

neutrophilia (high neutrophil count)

Question 31

if insulin is given in hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia state what can it lead to

Answer 31

central pontine myelinolysis

Question 32

small testes, infertility, gynaecomastia, above average height and a lack of secondary characteristics =

Answer 32

klinefelter syndrome

Question 33

how long is carbimazole given in Graves disease

Answer 33

12-18 months

Question 34

ABG in cushings

Answer 34

hypokalaemia metabolic alkalosis

Question 35

what should be commenced in new cases of graves disease to control symptoms

Answer 35

propranolol

Question 36

what can mimic cushings disease

Answer 36

excess alcohol

Question 37

what is hashimottos thyroiditis associated with

Answer 37

thyroid lymphoma

Question 38

water deprivation test cranial DI

Answer 38

low urine osmolarity after fluid deprivation high urine osmolality after desmopressin

Question 39

what diabetes medication is associated with necrotising fasciitis of genitalia

Answer 39

SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 40

painful goitre is likely to be

Answer 40

De Quervains tenosynovitis

Question 41

management of toxic multinodular goitre

Answer 41

radioactive iodine

Question 42

most common cause of secondary hypothyroidism

Answer 42

pituitary insufficiency

Question 43

diagnostic investigation for secondary hypothyroidism

Answer 43

MRI pituitary gland

Question 44

management of GI gastroparesis in diabetics

Answer 44

metoclopramide

Question 45

over replacement with thyroxine increases the risk of

Answer 45

osteoporosis

Question 46

T2DM treatment approach

Answer 46

1. lifestyle 2. + metformin 3. + 2nd oral drug 4. triple therapy - metformin + gliclazide + gliptin or metformin + pioglitazone + gliflozin 5. insulin

Question 47

uptake of iodine in De Quervains

Answer 47

globally reduced uptake

Question 48

waddling gait can be a sign of

Answer 48

osteomalacia

Question 49

first line imaging for thyroid nodules

Answer 49

ultrasonography

Question 50

example of sulphonylurea

Answer 50

gliclazide

Question 51

a cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 51

parathyroid gland adenoma

Question 52

what alpha blocker is used in phaeochromocytoma

Answer 52

phenoxybenzamine

Question 53

what can be used in hyperaldosteronism with bilateral adrenal disease

Answer 53

amiloride

Question 54

drug management of acromegaly

Answer 54

somatostatin receptor ligand - ocreotide

Question 55

complication of DKA

Answer 55

cerebral oedema

Question 56

what is subclinical hyperthyroidism associated with

Answer 56

AF osteoporosis dementia

Question 57

medication that is useful for obese diabetic patients

Answer 57

DDP4-inhibitor - sitagliptin