oncology and palliative

Question 1

what cancer can aflatoxin cause

Answer 1

hepatocellular carcinoma - liver

Question 2

what cancer can aniline dyes cause

Answer 2

transitional cell cancer - bladder

Question 3

what cancer can asbestos cause

Answer 3

mesothelioma

Question 4

what cancer can nitrosamines cause

Answer 4

oesophageal and gastric cancer

Question 5

what cancer can vinyl chloride cause

Answer 5

hepatic angiosarcome

Question 6

what does HPV 6&11 cause

Answer 6

genital warts

Question 7

what are koliocytes seen in

Answer 7

endocervical cancer

Question 8

anti emetic used for chemotherapy

Answer 8

metoclopramide

Question 9

what anti emetic is used in high risk patients with chemotherapy

Answer 9

ondansetron
- can be combined with dexamethasone

Question 10

adverse effects of cyclophosphamide

Answer 10

• haemorrhagic cystitis
• myelosuppression
• transitional cells carcinoma

Question 11

side effect of bleomycin

Answer 11

lung fibrosis

Question 12

side effect of anthracycline

Answer 12

cardiomyopathy

Question 13

inheritance of Li Fraumeni

Answer 13

autosomal dominant

Question 14

Li Fraumeni mutation

Answer 14

p53 suppressor gene

Question 15

what can Li Fraumeni cause

Answer 15

sarcomas
leukaemia

Question 16

what chromosome is BRCA 1 on

Answer 16

chromsome 17

Question 17

what chromosome is BRCA2 on

Answer 17

chromosome 13

Question 18

what are BRCA linked to

Answer 18

breast cancer
ovarian cancer

Question 19

BRCA 2 is associated with what in men

Answer 19

prostate cancer

Question 20

inheritance of Lynch syndrome

Answer 20

autosomal dominant

Question 21

what do you develop if you have Lynch syndrome

Answer 21

colonic cancer and endometrial cancer

Question 22

inheritance of Gardners syndrome

Answer 22

autosomal dominant

Question 23

what is mutation in Gardners syndrome

Answer 23

APC gene on chromosome 5

Question 24

what cells destroy cancer cells

Answer 24

T cells

Question 25

what lung cancer causes hypercalcaemia

Answer 25

squamous cell

Question 26

what is typically central lung cancer

Answer 26

squamous cell

Question 27

most common type of lung cancer in non smokers

Answer 27

adenocarcinoma

Question 28

what lung cancer can secrete B-hCG

Answer 28

large cell lung cancer

Question 29

if a lesion is above L1 what signs are seen

Answer 29

upper motor neutron signs

Question 30

if a lesion is seen below L1 what signs are seen

Answer 30

lower motor neuron signs perianal numbness tendon reflexes are increased below lesion

Question 31

management of neoplastic spinal cord compression

Answer 31

high dose dexamethasone oncology assessment for radiotherapy or surgery

Question 32

what is superior vena cava obstruction most commonly associated with

Answer 32

lung cancer

Question 33

most common symptom in superior vena cava obstruction

Answer 33

dyspnoea

Question 34

pulses jugular venous distension is seen in

Answer 34

superior vena cava obstruction

Question 35

management of superior vena cava obstruction

Answer 35

endovascular stenting chemotherapy glucocorticoids

Question 36

CA 125

Answer 36

ovarian cancer

Question 37

CA 19-9

Answer 37

pancreatic cancer

Question 38

CA 15-3

Answer 38

breast cancer

Question 39

PSA

Answer 39

prostatic carcinoma

Question 40

alpha feto protein

Answer 40

hepatocellular carcinoma teratoma

Question 41

carcinoembryonic antigen CEA

Answer 41

colorectal cancer

Question 42

S-100

Answer 42

melanoma schwannoma

Question 43

bombesin

Answer 43

small cell lung carcinoma gastric cancer neuroblastoma

Question 44

1st line management of patient with confusion and agitation

Answer 44

1. haloperidol 2. chlorpromazine, levopromazine

Question 45

palliative management of agitation and confusion

Answer 45

midazolam

Question 46

management of agitation and confusion in patient with Parkinson's

Answer 46

lorazepam

Question 47

management of hiccups

Answer 47

chlorpromazine - 1st line haloperidol dexamethasone

Question 48

anti emetic given if reduced gastric motility

Answer 48

metoclopramide

Question 49

anti emetic if got constipation

Answer 49

cyclisine

Question 50

anti emetic used in intracranial disease

Answer 50

cyclizine

Question 51

anti emetic in vestibular disorders

Answer 51

cyclizine

Question 52

pain relief if no comorbidities

Answer 52

20-30mg of modified release a day 5mg morphine for breakthrough pain

Question 53

what is breakthrough dose of morphine

Answer 53

1/6th of daily dose

Question 54

what should all patients who are on an opioid be prescribed

Answer 54

laxative

Question 55

what opioid is used in patients with chronic kidney disease

Answer 55

oxycodone - mild severe - buprenorphine and fentanyl

Question 56

what are used to treat pain in bone disease

Answer 56

bisphopshonates and radiotherapy

Question 57

oral codeine to oral morphine

Answer 57

divide by 10

Question 58

oral tramadol to oral morphine

Answer 58

divide by 10

Question 59

what is more likely to cause constipation oxycodone to morphine

Answer 59

oxycodone

Question 60

oral morphine to oral oxycodone

Answer 60

divide by 1.5-2

Question 61

oral morphine to subcut morphine

Answer 61

divide by 2

Question 62

oral morphine to subcut diamoprhine

Answer 62

divide by 3

Question 63

oral oxycodone to subcut diamorphine

Answer 63

divide by 1.5

Question 64

management of excess secretions

Answer 64

hyoscine hydrobromide or hyoscine butylbormide - less sedative

Question 65

what drugs need sodium chloride 0.9% used in syringe driver

Answer 65

- granisteron - ketamine - ketorolac - ocretoide - ondansetron

Question 66

commonly used drugs for nausea and vomiting in syringe driver

Answer 66

- cyclizine - levomepromazine - haloperidol - metoclopramide

Question 67

commonly used drugs for pain in syringe driver

Answer 67

diamorphine

Question 68

what is cyclizine not compatible with

Answer 68

- clonidine - dexamethasone - hyoscine butylbromide - ketamine - ketorolac - metoclopramide - midaxolam - ocreotide - sodium chloride 0.9%

Question 69

calcitonin levels increased in

Answer 69

medullary thyroid cancer

Question 70

management of painful mouth at end of life

Answer 70

benzydamina hydrochloride