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finals > neurology > Flashcards

neurology Flashcards

1
Q

where does ondansetron act

A

in medulla oblongata

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2
Q

eye deviated down and out and ptosis (painful third nerve palsy) where is location of lesion

A

posterior communicating artery aneurysm

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3
Q

best foods to eat in childhood epilepsy

A

ketogenic diet - high fat, low carbohydrate

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4
Q

Wallenberg syndrome mnemonic

A

DANVAH
- Dysphagia
- ipsilateral Ataxia
- Nystagmus
- Vertigo
- Anaesthesia
- ipsilateral Horner syndrome

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5
Q

how long after stroke symptoms can you thrombolyse

A
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6
Q

how long after stroke symptoms can you thrombolyse

A

up to 4.5 hours

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7
Q

can you give warfarin to patient with AF

A

no

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8
Q

what type of MRI for MS

A

MRI with contrast

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9
Q

what is a life-threatening complication of pituitary adenoma

A

pituitary apoplexy

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10
Q

what is pituitary apoplexy

A

bleeding/infarction within the pituitary macroadenoma

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11
Q

treatment of pituitary apoplexy

A

IV hydrocortisone

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12
Q

features of wernickes dysphasia

A

speech fluent
comprehension abnormal
repetition impaired

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13
Q

where is language comprehension centre found

A

in temporal lobe

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14
Q

where is wernickes area

A

in temporal lobe

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15
Q

side effect of lamotrigine

A

Steven Johnson syndrome

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16
Q

weber syndrome

A

ipsilateral III palsy
contralateral weakness

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17
Q

imagine for TIA

A

MRI brain with diffusion-weighted imaging

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18
Q

management of bell’s palsy

A

prednisolone

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19
Q

side effect of phenytoin

A

peripheral neuropathy

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20
Q

1st line investigation for stroke

A

non contrast CT

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21
Q

what is syringomyelia associated with

A

Arnold-chiari malformation

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22
Q

brocas aphasia

A
  • reduced speech fluency
  • preserved comprehension
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23
Q

where is damage in Broca’s aphasia

A

left frontal lobe

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24
Q

where I damage in Wernicke’s aphasia

A

left temporal-parietal damage

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25
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A
  • words are muddled
    can’t understand their own or other peoples speech
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26
Q

nominal aphasia

A

difficult naming objects

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27
Q

what is amaurosis fugax

A

sudden transient loss of vision in one eye

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28
Q

what is amaurosis fugax first clinic evidence of

A

internal carotid artery stenosis

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29
Q

is TIA in anterior or posterior circulation carry a more serious risk

A

anterior

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30
Q

prophylaxis for migraines

A

propranolol
topiramate

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31
Q

what kind of headache develops following a lumbar puncture

A

low pressure headache
- take caffeine and fluids

32
Q

what is Miller-Fisher syndrome

A

variant of Guillan-Barre syndrome
- associated with ophthalmoplegia, areflexia and ataxia
- eye muscles typically affected first
- descending paralysis

33
Q

what antibodies in Miller-Fisher syndrome

A

anti-GQ1b

34
Q

what are infantile seizures commonly associated with

A

tuberous sclerosis

35
Q

Jacksonian march seizure

A

starts in one place e.g. hand and spreads quickly ‘marches’ over the respective foot, hand or face

36
Q

gold standard investigation for intracranial venous thrombosis

A

MRI venography

37
Q

sudden onset headache
nausea and vomiting
reduced consciousness
elevated D dimer
suggestive of

A

intracranial venous thrombosis

38
Q

management of trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

39
Q

cortico-basal degeneration

A

Parkinsonism + spontaneous activity by and affected limb (flailing limb)

40
Q

progressive supranuclear palsy

A

Parkinsonism associated with asymmetric tremor, early postural instability and supra nuclear gaze palsy

41
Q

multiple system atrophy

A

parkinson plus syndrome
parkinsonian triad
postural hypotension
incontinence
impotence

42
Q

what does posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply

A

part of cerebellum and medulla oblongata

43
Q

plucking of clothes is typically seen in what type of seizure

A

temporal lobe seizure

44
Q

what is most common complication following meningitis

A

sensorineural hearing loss

45
Q

what kind of onset does pseudo seizure have

A

gradual onset

46
Q

pontine haemorrhage presentation

A

reduced GCS
paralysis
bilateral pin point pupils

47
Q

if fasciculations think

A

motor neurone disease

48
Q

what drug should be avoided in patients with myasthenia gravis

A

bisoprolol

49
Q

what artery would cause arm and leg weakness and speech problems

A

middle cerebral artery

50
Q

what drug is given with levodopa

A

carbidopa
- reduces breakdown of levodopa peripherally

51
Q

young adult male with:
frontal balding
difficulty letting go when shaking hand

A

myotonic dystrophy

52
Q

what genetic causes myotonic dystrophy

A

trinucleotide repeat disorder

53
Q

what is mono neuritis multiplex a type of

A

peripheral neuropathy

54
Q

features of Brown Sequard

A
  • ipsilateral weakness below lesion
  • ipsilateral loss of proprioception and vibration
  • contralateral loss of pain and temperature
55
Q

what is brown sequard

A

lateral hemisection of spinal cord

56
Q

4 main features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A
  • rigidity
  • hyperthermia
  • autonomic instability (hypotension, tachycardia)
  • altered mental state (confusion)
57
Q

what can neuroleptic malignant syndrome cause

A

AKI - deranged U&Es

58
Q

cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

antipsychotic medication

59
Q

obese, young female with headaches, blurred vision =

A

idiopathic intracranial hypertension

60
Q

management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

bromocriptine

61
Q

what antiplatelet after TIA

A

clopidogrel

62
Q

side effect of carbamezipine

A

Steven johnson syndrome

63
Q

cape like loss of pain and temperature sensation =

A

syringomyelia

64
Q

investigation of choice for syringomyelia

A

MRI

65
Q

management of myasthenic crisis

A

IV immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis

66
Q

Atrophy in medial temporal lobe

A

Alzheimer’s disease

67
Q

Atrophy in medial temporal lobe

A

Alzheimer’s disease

68
Q

Laughter leading to fall/collapse =

A

Cataplexy

69
Q

when do you start aspirin after a stroke

A

24 hours after thormbolysis

70
Q

most common associated condition in myasthenia gravis

A

thymic hyperplasia

71
Q

optic neuritis what is the visual defect

A

central scotoma

72
Q

where is the lesion that causes optic neuritis

A

optic nerve

73
Q

where is the lesion in wallenberg syndrome

A

lateral medulla

74
Q

Gait ataxia where is the lesion

A

Cerebellar vermis

75
Q

Gait ataxia where is the lesion

A

Cerebellar vermis

75
Q

Gait ataxia where is the lesion

A

Cerebellar vermis

75
Q

Gait ataxia where is the lesion

A

Cerebellar vermis

finals (25 decks)

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