Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

viral or bacterial Thyroidits is known as:

A

De Qurvain’s thyroiditis

or

Subactue Thyroiditis

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2
Q

low Na

hight K

are typical of:

A

Addison Disease (low aldesterone)

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3
Q

Anterior localized neck pain

Tender thyroid gland are

classic finding of:

A

Subactue Thyroiditis (de Quervain’s thyroiditis)

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4
Q

tx for nephropathy in a diabetic pt is:

A

ACE-I

ARBs

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5
Q

Toxic Diabetes Insipidus is caused by:

A

Lithium poisoning

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6
Q

GI sx of DM:

A

gastroparesis

nocturnal diarrhea

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7
Q

Growth hormone excess that occurs before fusion of the epiphyseal growth plates

A

pituitary gigantism

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8
Q

typical glucose levels in pt with HHS is:

A

above 600

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9
Q

Addison (low alderstron) will have what effect on Na and K

A

High K

Low Na

Addsion is opposite to Conn

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10
Q

Initial test for Addison is:

A

Cosyntropin stimulation test

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11
Q

dry cold skin vs warm moist skin

A

dry cold skin > hypothyroidism

warm moist skin > hyperthyroidism

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12
Q

Hot nodules on Thyroids nuclear scan is a sign of:

A

toxic nodule and NOT a malignancy

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13
Q

side effects of Metformin include:

A

GI sx

Vitamin B deficiency

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14
Q

the main cause of HHS is

A

chronic dehydration

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15
Q

tx fo SIADH:

A

fluid restriction

Demeclycycline (ADH inhibitor)

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16
Q

Cardiovascular sx related to autonomic neuropathy:

A

Orthostatis hypotension with out increase in heart rate

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17
Q

SIADH causes

A

increased secretion of ADH

and

retention of H2O

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18
Q

ACTH dependent vs ACTH independent

A

ACTH dependent > overactive petuitary

ACTH independent > overactive adrenal

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19
Q

tx of Central Diabetes Insipidus is:

A

Desmopressin

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20
Q

ketone’s bodies seen in DKA are detected with:

A

UA dipstick

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21
Q

Diabetes Insipidus is:

A

low secretion of Antidiuretics Hormones by posterior petuitary

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22
Q

Intermediate acting insulin peaks

A

w/i 7 hours

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23
Q

Hyperosomlar hyperglycemic state is seen in

A

DM II

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24
Q

Dawn Phenomenone is seen in

A

DM I

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25
MoA of **Flozin**
Increase **FLOW** of sugar via urine ***flozin=sugar flow***
26
Tx of Grave's disease is:
Radioactive iodine
27
medical tx for **hyperaldosteroonism** is:
**Spironolactone**
28
Addison vs Con
low aldesterone\> Addison high aldesterone \> Conn **Low Addison** **Hight Conn**
29
best diagnostic test for Cushing is:
24-h Urine free cortisol
30
Short acting insulin peaks w/i
few hours
31
Which electrolite defeciancy may lower Parathyroid function?
Mg
32
in Central Diabetes Insipidus, Desmopressin test will have what effect:
reduced urine production increased urine osmolarity
33
High serum osmolarity and elevated BUN (azotemia) are indicative of:
HHS
34
warm moist skin is a sx of:
Hyperthyroidism
35
diagnostic method for evaluating **gastroparesis** is:
**Gastric scintigraphy** with ingestion of readioactive labeled meal.
36
**Endogenous Cushing syndrome** is ACTH _dependent or independed?_
**Dependent** caused by overactive petiutary gland
37
38
during Diabetic Ketoacidosis the **anion gap** is:
**high**
39
Addison's disease is
HypoAdrenalism
40
**lid lag** is a sign of:
HyperThyroidism
41
Diabetic neuropathy that has cardiological implication?
Orthostatic hypotention (w/o compansatory HR increase) increase risk of sudden cardiac death
42
ACT independent Cushing's Syndrome is caused by:
**overactive adrenal gland**
43
Diplopia in a DM pt is usually a result of:
CN III neuropathy
44
**_episodic severe_** HTN and tacharrhythmia with headache is a signs of:
Pheochromocytoma
45
sx of Cushing Dz:
moon facies retrocx fat pads (buffalo hump) purple striations hirsutism
46
Exophthalmos is unique to:
Grave's Disease
47
pathophysiology of **Cushing's Disease**
oversecretion of **AdrenoCorticotropic (ACTH)** \>\> oversecretion of **glucocorticoids** by adrenal glands
48
medical tx of pheochromocytoma is:
_alpha blockers_ (**phenoxybenzamine**) - BP control (always before beta blockers) _beta blockers_ - arrhythmia control definitaive tx is Surgical removal
49
medicine that causes HypoThyroid:
Li **Amiodorone** Radioactive Iodine
50
**GLP 1** receptor agonists are known as:
**exogenious incritis** **-*tide-***
51
antibody titers in _Hypothyroidism_ and _Hyperthyroidism_
_Hypothyroidism_ Anti–microsomal/thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) _Hyperthyroidism_ thyrotropin receptor antibodies / anti TSH receptor
52
lab values for hypothyroidism
TSH up T4 down
53
tx for Addison's disease:
Prednisone (replaces cortisol) + Fludrocortisone (replaces aldesterone)
54
**GLP-1 agonist** tide are contraindicated in:
MEN-2 syndrome Medullary thryoid cancer Pancreatitis
55
one of the manifistation of gastroparesis is:
**nocturnal diarrhea**
56
Most common cause of Addison's dz is:
**autoimmune**
57
**Grave's disease** is manifested by the production of:
**Thyroid Innunoglubulins/antibodies** which mimic action of TSH hormone and cause increased production of T3/T4
58
**Petuitary adenoma** produces what kind of visual sx:
**bitemporal hemianopsia**
59
Posterior Petuitary Hormones
**Ocytocin** **Antidiuretic**
60
MoA of Dawn Phenomina is:
release of GH (b/e 3-8 am) \> antagonises insulin \> rapid **rise of glucose (in the early morning)**
61
**Diabetic Ketoacidosis** is seen in
Type I DM
62
SIADH has what impact of Na and urine osmolarity
Low serum Na (due to water retention) High urine osmolarity (low urine secretion)
63
dexamethasone suppression test in a pt with Cushin's disease will:
produce elevated levels of cortisol
64
MoA **DPP-IV Inhibitors**
act o**n Beta cells** to increase insulin secretion **-gliptine-**
65
best screening test for Cushing is:
late night cortisol test
66
Most common HypoThyroidism
hashimOto's hyp**O**thyroidism=hashim**O**to
67
**Antidiuretic Hormone** is also known as:
**Vasopressin**
68
**Ectopic ACTH syndrome** is seen in :
Small Cell Lung Cancer Carcinoid tumors Islet cell tumors
69
During **Diabetic Keotacidosis** the cell produce
**Ketone bodies** through the process of **lipolysis**
70
containdications to Metformin is:
**Lactic Acidosis** **ETOH abuse** **Before radiocontrast procedures**
71
MoA of **GLP-1** ## Footnote ***-tide-***
act on **Beta cells to increase insulin secretion**
72
lab results in Diabetes Insipidus:
increased serum Na (caused by H2O loss) decreased urine osmolarity (increased urine production)
73
diagnostic test for **pheochromocytoma**
**elevated plasma or urinary metanephrine levles**
74
ketones are not usually present in:
HHS
75
**Conn's** syndrome is
Hypersecrection of Aldesterone ## Footnote **Aldesterone Coin**
76
Genitourinary infections Yeast infection are side effects of:
**Flozin**
77
presence of **Anti–microsomal/thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb)** is indicative of:
**Hypothyroidism**
78
what effect **hyperCortisol** has on Na and K
High Na Low K
79
abnormal level of Hormones in Addisons
Low Aldesterone Low Cortisol
80
diagnostic test for HyperAldosteronism is:
level of aldosteron in a urine
81
Impact of Conn and Cushing's on **Na and K**
Hight Na Low K Cushing's and Conn have same effect on **Na and K**
82
key fetures of HHS is
neurological sx loss of consioness, coma, awareness
83
dexamethasone test in a normal pt should:
supress ACTH and cortison
84
two classes of drug that act as **incritins**
GLP I (exogen incritins) - ***tides*** DPP IV inhibiors (native incretin) - ***gliptins***
85
lab values in Grave's disease:
**Low TSH** High T3/T4 presence of Thyroid Stimulating immunoglobulins
86
two malignancies associated with SIADH are:
Small Cell Lung CA Pancreatic CA
87
**DPP-IV Inhibitors** are known as
**ingenous incritins**
88
most deadly thyroid cancer is:
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
89
primary goal in tx HHS is:
replenish fluids
90
Rapid Acting Insulin peaks
with in 1 hour
91
the impact of HyperAldesterone on K and NA
High Na Low K
92
ADH causes: low ADH results in:
ADH: retention of H2O low ADH: results in H2O loss
93
DM I will have what genetic abnormality?
HLA-DR3 gene
94
tx for nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus is:
**Hydroclorothiazide** (TZD diuretics) **Amiloride** (K spareing diuretic) bother reduce serum Na
95
Propylthiouracil vs Methimazole
**Propylthiourac**il \> _1st trimester HyperThyroidsim_ **Methimazole** \> _2nd / 3rd trimester HyperThyroidsim_
96
↓ TSH, **exophthalmos**, pretibial myxedema makes you think of
**Grave's Disease**
97
most common Thyroid cancer is:
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
98
Best single test for the diagnosis of acromegaly is:
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1)
99
sx of Addison's Disease:
Salt craving weight loss Orthostati hypotention skin pigementation
100
Treatment of hyperthyroidism during **2nd and 3rd** trimester of pregnancy?
**Methimazole**
101
Most common cause of Cushing syndrome?
**Exogenous glucocorticoid usage**
102
Most common form of **skeletal dysplasia** is:
**Achondroplasia**
103
act on Beta cells to increase insulin secretion ## Footnote **known as exogen. incritins**
GLP1 agonists -tide- **_Beta tide_**
104
**Aldosterone** is stimulated by
Angeotensin II
105
tx of DKA:
IV fluids Insulin correct high Potassium
106
Treatment of hyperthyroidism during **1st trimester** of pregnancy?
**Propylthiouracil**
107
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibotirs are known as
***Flozin***
108
MoA of ADH
inserts aquaporins into collecting ducts
109
urine osmolarity in Diabetes Insupidus vs SIADH
DI: low urine osmolarity SIADH: high urine osmolarity
110
imaging modality to visualize pheochromocytoma:
CT/MRI or Nuclear Scan (MIBG scintigraphy) as last option.
111
most common hormone hypersecretion during **pituitary adenoma** is:
**Prolactin**
112
_hot nodule vs. cold nodule_
**cold** nodule \> more likely to be **malignant** **hot** nodule \> more likely to be **benign**
113
severe acute hypothyroidism is known as:
**Myxedema Coma**
114
***gliptins*** are ***tides*** are
**GLIPTINS** - **DPP IV inhibitors** ## Footnote **TIDES - GLP 1**
115
inhibitor/antagonist of ADH is:
**Demeclycycline** used in SIADH
116
tx of Diabetes Insipidus and SIADH
**Diabetes Incipidus:** _Desmopressin_ (ADH analog) **SIADH:** _Demeclycycline_ (ADH inhibitor)
117
antagonist to aldesterone is:
Spirolactone used in tx of Conn's disease
118
MoA dexamethasone suppression test:
Dexamethasone (synthetic glucocorticoid) inhibits release of ACTH which stimulates the production of cortisol. results: low levels of cortisol: indicative of normal negative feedback high levels of cortisol: indicative of malfunction of negative feedback; abnormal production of ACTH which results in high level of cortisol