Endocrine Flashcards
1
Q
viral or bacterial Thyroidits is known as:
A
De Qurvain’s thyroiditis
or
Subactue Thyroiditis
2
Q
low Na
hight K
are typical of:
A
Addison Disease (low aldesterone)
3
Q
Anterior localized neck pain
Tender thyroid gland are
classic finding of:
A
Subactue Thyroiditis (de Quervain’s thyroiditis)
4
Q
tx for nephropathy in a diabetic pt is:
A
ACE-I
ARBs
5
Q
Toxic Diabetes Insipidus is caused by:
A
Lithium poisoning
6
Q
GI sx of DM:
A
gastroparesis
nocturnal diarrhea
7
Q
Growth hormone excess that occurs before fusion of the epiphyseal growth plates
A
pituitary gigantism
8
Q
typical glucose levels in pt with HHS is:
A
above 600
9
Q
Addison (low alderstron) will have what effect on Na and K
A
High K
Low Na
Addsion is opposite to Conn
10
Q
Initial test for Addison is:
A
Cosyntropin stimulation test
11
Q
dry cold skin vs warm moist skin
A
dry cold skin > hypothyroidism
warm moist skin > hyperthyroidism
12
Q
Hot nodules on Thyroids nuclear scan is a sign of:
A
toxic nodule and NOT a malignancy
13
Q
side effects of Metformin include:
A
GI sx
Vitamin B deficiency
14
Q
the main cause of HHS is
A
chronic dehydration
15
Q
tx fo SIADH:
A
fluid restriction
Demeclycycline (ADH inhibitor)
16
Q
Cardiovascular sx related to autonomic neuropathy:
A
Orthostatis hypotension with out increase in heart rate
17
Q
SIADH causes
A
increased secretion of ADH
and
retention of H2O
18
Q
ACTH dependent vs ACTH independent
A
ACTH dependent > overactive petuitary
ACTH independent > overactive adrenal
19
Q
tx of Central Diabetes Insipidus is:
A
Desmopressin
20
Q
ketone’s bodies seen in DKA are detected with:
A
UA dipstick
21
Q
Diabetes Insipidus is:
A
low secretion of Antidiuretics Hormones by posterior petuitary
22
Q
Intermediate acting insulin peaks
A
w/i 7 hours
23
Q
Hyperosomlar hyperglycemic state is seen in
A
DM II
24
Q
Dawn Phenomenone is seen in
A
DM I
25
MoA of **Flozin**
Increase **FLOW** of sugar via urine
***flozin=sugar flow***
26
Tx of Grave's disease is:
Radioactive iodine
27
medical tx for **hyperaldosteroonism** is:
**Spironolactone**
28
Addison vs Con
low aldesterone\> Addison
high aldesterone \> Conn
**Low Addison**
**Hight Conn**
29
best diagnostic test for Cushing is:
24-h Urine free cortisol
30
Short acting insulin peaks w/i
few hours
31
Which electrolite defeciancy may lower Parathyroid function?
Mg
32
in Central Diabetes Insipidus, Desmopressin test will have what effect:
reduced urine production
increased urine osmolarity
33
High serum osmolarity and elevated BUN (azotemia)
are indicative of:
HHS
34
warm moist skin is a sx of:
Hyperthyroidism
35
diagnostic method for evaluating **gastroparesis** is:
**Gastric scintigraphy** with ingestion of readioactive labeled meal.
36
**Endogenous Cushing syndrome** is ACTH _dependent or independed?_
**Dependent**
caused by overactive petiutary gland
37
38
during Diabetic Ketoacidosis the **anion gap** is:
**high**
39
Addison's disease is
HypoAdrenalism
40
**lid lag** is a sign of:
HyperThyroidism
41
Diabetic neuropathy that has cardiological implication?
Orthostatic hypotention (w/o compansatory HR increase)
increase risk of sudden cardiac death
42
ACT independent Cushing's Syndrome is caused by:
**overactive adrenal gland**
43
Diplopia in a DM pt is usually a result of:
CN III neuropathy
44
**_episodic severe_** HTN and tacharrhythmia with headache is a signs of:
Pheochromocytoma
45
sx of Cushing Dz:
moon facies
retrocx fat pads (buffalo hump)
purple striations
hirsutism
46
Exophthalmos is unique to:
Grave's Disease
47
pathophysiology of **Cushing's Disease**
oversecretion of **AdrenoCorticotropic (ACTH)** \>\>
oversecretion of **glucocorticoids** by adrenal glands
48
medical tx of pheochromocytoma is:
_alpha blockers_ (**phenoxybenzamine**) - BP control (always before beta blockers)
_beta blockers_ - arrhythmia control
definitaive tx is Surgical removal
49
medicine that causes HypoThyroid:
Li
**Amiodorone**
Radioactive Iodine
50
**GLP 1** receptor agonists are known as:
**exogenious incritis**
**-*tide-***
51
antibody titers in _Hypothyroidism_ and _Hyperthyroidism_
_Hypothyroidism_
Anti–microsomal/thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb)
_Hyperthyroidism_
thyrotropin receptor antibodies / anti TSH receptor
52
lab values for hypothyroidism
TSH up
T4 down
53
tx for Addison's disease:
Prednisone (replaces cortisol)
+ Fludrocortisone (replaces aldesterone)
54
**GLP-1 agonist**
tide
are contraindicated in:
MEN-2 syndrome
Medullary thryoid cancer
Pancreatitis
55
one of the manifistation of gastroparesis is:
**nocturnal diarrhea**
56
Most common cause of Addison's dz is:
**autoimmune**
57
**Grave's disease** is manifested by the production of:
**Thyroid Innunoglubulins/antibodies**
which mimic action of TSH hormone and cause increased production of T3/T4
58
**Petuitary adenoma** produces what kind of visual sx:
**bitemporal hemianopsia**
59
Posterior Petuitary Hormones
**Ocytocin**
**Antidiuretic**
60
MoA of Dawn Phenomina is:
release of GH (b/e 3-8 am) \> antagonises insulin \> rapid **rise of glucose (in the early morning)**
61
**Diabetic Ketoacidosis** is seen in
Type I DM
62
SIADH has what impact of Na and urine osmolarity
Low serum Na (due to water retention)
High urine osmolarity (low urine secretion)
63
dexamethasone suppression test in a pt with Cushin's disease will:
produce elevated levels of cortisol
64
MoA **DPP-IV Inhibitors**
act o**n Beta cells** to increase insulin secretion
**-gliptine-**
65
best screening test for Cushing is:
late night cortisol test
66
Most common HypoThyroidism
hashimOto's
hyp**O**thyroidism=hashim**O**to
67
**Antidiuretic Hormone** is also known as:
**Vasopressin**
68
**Ectopic ACTH syndrome** is seen in :
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Carcinoid tumors
Islet cell tumors
69
During **Diabetic Keotacidosis** the cell produce
**Ketone bodies** through the process of **lipolysis**
70
containdications to Metformin is:
**Lactic Acidosis**
**ETOH abuse**
**Before radiocontrast procedures**
71
MoA of **GLP-1**
## Footnote
***-tide-***
act on **Beta cells to increase insulin secretion**
72
lab results in Diabetes Insipidus:
increased serum Na (caused by H2O loss)
decreased urine osmolarity (increased urine production)
73
diagnostic test for **pheochromocytoma**
**elevated plasma or urinary metanephrine levles**
74
ketones are not usually present in:
HHS
75
**Conn's** syndrome is
Hypersecrection of Aldesterone
## Footnote
**Aldesterone Coin**
76
Genitourinary infections
Yeast infection
are side effects of:
**Flozin**
77
presence of
**Anti–microsomal/thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb)**
is indicative of:
**Hypothyroidism**
78
what effect **hyperCortisol** has on Na and K
High Na
Low K
79
abnormal level of Hormones in Addisons
Low Aldesterone
Low Cortisol
80
diagnostic test for HyperAldosteronism is:
level of aldosteron in a urine
81
Impact of Conn and Cushing's on **Na and K**
Hight Na
Low K
Cushing's and Conn have same effect on **Na and K**
82
key fetures of HHS is
neurological sx
loss of consioness, coma, awareness
83
dexamethasone test in a normal pt should:
supress ACTH and cortison
84
two classes of drug that act as **incritins**
GLP I (exogen incritins) - ***tides***
DPP IV inhibiors (native incretin) - ***gliptins***
85
lab values in Grave's disease:
**Low TSH**
High T3/T4
presence of Thyroid Stimulating immunoglobulins
86
two malignancies associated with SIADH are:
Small Cell Lung CA
Pancreatic CA
87
**DPP-IV Inhibitors** are known as
**ingenous incritins**
88
most deadly thyroid cancer is:
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
89
primary goal in tx HHS is:
replenish fluids
90
Rapid Acting Insulin peaks
with in 1 hour
91
the impact of HyperAldesterone on K and NA
High Na
Low K
92
ADH causes:
low ADH results in:
ADH: retention of H2O
low ADH: results in H2O loss
93
DM I will have what genetic abnormality?
HLA-DR3 gene
94
tx for nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus is:
**Hydroclorothiazide** (TZD diuretics)
**Amiloride** (K spareing diuretic)
bother reduce serum Na
95
Propylthiouracil vs Methimazole
**Propylthiourac**il \> _1st trimester HyperThyroidsim_
**Methimazole** \> _2nd / 3rd trimester HyperThyroidsim_
96
↓ TSH, **exophthalmos**, pretibial myxedema makes you think of
**Grave's Disease**
97
most common Thyroid cancer is:
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
98
Best single test for the diagnosis of
acromegaly is:
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1)
99
sx of Addison's Disease:
Salt craving
weight loss
Orthostati hypotention
skin pigementation
100
Treatment of hyperthyroidism during **2nd and 3rd** trimester of pregnancy?
**Methimazole**
101
Most common cause of Cushing syndrome?
**Exogenous glucocorticoid usage**
102
Most common form of **skeletal dysplasia** is:
**Achondroplasia**
103
act on Beta cells to increase insulin secretion
## Footnote
**known as exogen. incritins**
GLP1 agonists
-tide-
**_Beta tide_**
104
**Aldosterone** is stimulated by
Angeotensin II
105
tx of DKA:
IV fluids
Insulin
correct high Potassium
106
Treatment of hyperthyroidism during **1st trimester** of pregnancy?
**Propylthiouracil**
107
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibotirs are known as
***Flozin***
108
MoA of ADH
inserts aquaporins into collecting ducts
109
urine osmolarity in Diabetes Insupidus vs SIADH
DI: low urine osmolarity
SIADH: high urine osmolarity
110
imaging modality to visualize pheochromocytoma:
CT/MRI
or Nuclear Scan (MIBG scintigraphy) as last option.
111
most common hormone hypersecretion during **pituitary adenoma** is:
**Prolactin**
112
_hot nodule vs. cold nodule_
**cold** nodule \> more likely to be **malignant**
**hot** nodule \> more likely to be **benign**
113
severe acute hypothyroidism is known as:
**Myxedema Coma**
114
***gliptins*** are
***tides*** are
**GLIPTINS** - **DPP IV inhibitors**
## Footnote
**TIDES - GLP 1**
115
inhibitor/antagonist of ADH is:
**Demeclycycline**
used in SIADH
116
tx of Diabetes Insipidus and SIADH
**Diabetes Incipidus:** _Desmopressin_ (ADH analog)
**SIADH:** _Demeclycycline_ (ADH inhibitor)
117
antagonist to aldesterone is:
Spirolactone
used in tx of Conn's disease
118
MoA dexamethasone suppression test:
Dexamethasone (synthetic glucocorticoid) inhibits release of ACTH which stimulates the production of cortisol.
results:
low levels of cortisol: indicative of normal negative feedback
high levels of cortisol: indicative of malfunction of negative feedback; abnormal production of ACTH which results in high level of cortisol
