Urology Flashcards

1
Q

causes of hypoCalcemia are:

A

CKD # 1

Hypopartahyroidism

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2
Q

tx for urge incontinence:

A

anti cholonergic meds

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3
Q

Muddy brown sediment is indicative of:

A

Actue Tubular Necrosis

Muddy Tubules

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4
Q

EKG findings of high K

A

Peaked T waves wide QRS

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5
Q

Cellular hyper excitation is due to:

A

low Ca

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6
Q

tx for Goodpasture Disease is:

A

plasma exchange / electrophoresis

need to remove antibodies

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7
Q

Most common genetic disease in the US

A

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

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8
Q

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

will also demonstrates what vascular abnormality?

A

aneurysm in Circle of Willis

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9
Q

classic signs of hypoCalcemia:

A

Chvostek sign

Trousseau sign

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10
Q

Chlamydia vs Gonorrhea:

A

Chlamydia - clear discharge

Gonorrhea - purulent discharge

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11
Q

tx of hypokalemia

A

oral replacement

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12
Q

pH>7.45

A

Alkalosis

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13
Q

definition of hyperkalemia is:

A

K>5

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14
Q

tx of Polycycstic Kindey Disease:

A

aggressive HTN tx

end stage - transplant

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15
Q

Red Cell Cast in urine is:

A

Glomerulonephritis

red glomerulonephritis

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16
Q

incoontinence/leakage due to increase abdominal pressure (sneezing, caughing, valsalva) is known as:

A

Stress Incotninence

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17
Q

Gleason Score reffers to:

A

biopsy results for prostate CA

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18
Q

most common Bladder CA:

A

Transitional Cell CA (urothelial cell CA)

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19
Q

sx of low Ca are:

A

Muscle cramping

paresthesias

Increased reflexes

HyperExcitation

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20
Q

Eosiniphils seen in urine is a signs of:

A

Interstitial Nephritis

Eoseniphils=Enterstitial Nephritis

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21
Q

periorbital and scrotal edema

hematuria

flank pain

are sx of:

A

Glomerulonephritis

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22
Q

Different urinary sediments:

A

Mudy brown = actube tubular necrosis

WBC, Eosiniophils = Interstitial nephritis

Red Cell cast = Glomerulonephritis

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23
Q

hormone levels in Nonseminoma (test cancer)

A

extrimly elevated Beta HCG

elevated AFP

Nonseminomas

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24
Q

Administration of ACE I in a pt with renal artery stenosis will results in:

A

abrupts increase in creatinine

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25
tx for Nephrotic Syndrome:
steroids for primary nephrotic syndrome low protein and salt diet Thiazide/loop and ACE-I
26
Tx for chlamydia:
Azithromycin
27
tx of hyperkalemia:
**_to stabilize the heart_** Calcium Gluconate **_to drive K back into cells_** Insulin Albuterol Sodium Bicarb Kayexalate
28
causes of **Hypovolemic, Hyponatremia:**
prolonged: vomitting diarrhea diruetic use Addison Disease
29
in **hypokalemia i**t is important to check what other electrolite
**If Mg+** low, K+ is resistant to therapy
30
risk factors for bladder CA:
Smoking exposure to industrial chemicals
31
**Radioation therapy** is usefull in which testicular CA:
**Seminomas**
32
**autoantibodies against basement membrane** of glomerulonephritis is known as:
**Goodpasture Syndrome**
33
**TNM** system reffers to:
Tumor Node Mets
34
Most common cause of instrinscie ARF is:
**Acute Tubular Necrosis**
35
tx for pyelonephritis
Quinolone Cipro
36
hypervolemic, hypenatremia is caused by:
Cirrhosis CHF Nephrotic Syndrome Renal Failure
37
tx of Acute Tubular Necrosis:
Loop Diuretics Low protein diet
38
hypokalemia is defined as:
**\<3.5 mild** **\<2.5 severe**
39
tx of UTI in pregnancy:
Nitrofurantoin
40
Stones that **_are NOT_** seen on x ray are:
**Uric Acid Stones** **_Uric stone = unseen_**
41
sx of hyponatremia (\<125)
N/V weakness/lethargy headache delirium coma
42
**Inflammation of renal tubules** and interstititum is known as:
**Interstitial Nephrtitis**
43
acidotic renal stones are known as:
**Uric Stones**
44
EKG findins of low Mg:
**TORSADES**
45
tx for bacterial prostatitis:
Bactrum Quinolones
46
Hyponatremia, Na value is:
Na\<135 ## Footnote **symptomatic when Na\<125**
47
potential renal complication of illicit drugs:
**Acute Tubular Necrosis**
48
cause of **hyperCalcemia:**
Hyperparathyroidism Renal Cell Ca Lung Ca
49
the rate of Na correction should be no more than:
**1 per liter per hour**
50
nephroblastoma in children is known as:
Wilm's tumor
51
tx of UTI in pregnancy is:
**Ceftriaxone - only!**
52
high **p CO2** low **HCO3** indicative of
Acidosis
53
AFP in Seminomas are
NOT elevated
54
low **p CO2** high **HCO3** indicative of
Alkolosis
55
**what caused low K:**
**Diarrhea (most common)** Loop diauretics, Thiazide diuretics Hyperaldeosteronism
56
which prostate zone obstructe urine flow in BPH?
**transitional zone** wich surrounds the urethra.
57
WBC cast, Eosinophils are indicative of:
**Interstitial Nephritis** **_WBC cast = Interstitial Nephritis_**
58
overactive bladder increased detrusor activity irritable bladder contraction are signs of:
**Urge Incontinence**
59
**Staghorn stones** are associated with
renal infection and alkalineurine **Staghron stone=Struvite Stones**
60
effect of low and high K
**low K:** Muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, ileus **high K**: Muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, ileus, impaired cardiac conduction
61
lab values for **Nephrotic Syndrome**
**protein \> 3.5** **Oval Fat/Lipid Bodies** in UA in the shape of **_Maltese Crosse_** Low serum albumin
62
most prostate CA are:
adenocarcinoma
63
cause of hyperkalemia:
Advance Renal Disease Addison's ACE-I Spirinolactones
64
EKG findings of low K
Flattened or inverted T waves on EKG
65
most common cause of hyperkalemia is:
Advanced Renal Disease
66
drugs that cause **Interstitial Nephritis:**
Penicillins Cephalosporins Sulfa NSAIDS
67
potential renal complication of group A step is:
Glomerulonephritis
68
tx for BPH
**alpha blockers** (-osin-) **5 alpha reducates inhibitors** (finasteride/dutasteride)
69
tx for stress incontinence is:
Kegels exercise
70
most testicular CA are:
Germ Cell Tumors
71
tx of **Diabetes Insipidus** (low ADH/Vasopressin)
**Desmopressin**
72
Syphilis stages:
73
Complicated UTI tx:
74
Bloodwork results for **Nephrotic Syndrome:**
Hypoalbuminemia (albumin spilled into UA) Hyperlipidemia (reactive) Hight Tryglycerides High ESR
75
Chemotherapy in testicular CA:
Nonseminomas: not susceptible to chemo Seminomas: amenable to chemo
76
antibodies to Glomerular Basement Membrane are indicative of:
Goodpasture Syndrome
77
**negative** P_rehn's sign_ (lifting a testicle) **negative** _Cremasteric reflex_ (stroking inside of the thigh) are indicative of:
Testicular Torsion
78
hypercalcemia causes increased or dicrease excitation?
hypoExcitation
79
Alcoholism has what impact on electrolites
**Low Mg, K,**
80
BPH medication tx:
Alpha Blockers ## Footnote ***-zosin-***
81
pH \< 7.35 is
**Acidosis**
82
**Euvolemic, Hoponatremia** is caused by:
SIADH (water retention) psychogenic polydipsia
83
most common renal stones are:
**Calcium Oxalate**
84
85
complication of severe hyponatremia is
**Central Pontine Myelinolysis=iatrogenic cerebral osmotic dmyelination** **_damage of the myelin in of the pons_**
86
risk factor for **renal stone formaton**:
high sodium, protein, oxalates, purines
87
88
Inlammation of the glomerulus is known as:
**Glomerulonephritis**
89
renal stone size limit that will not pass on its own:
**10 mm** or more
90
medical tx of cryptorchidism is:
hCG IM injections