Urology Flashcards by To BE or NOT to BE

causes of hypoCalcemia are:

CKD # 1

Hypopartahyroidism

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tx for urge incontinence:

anti cholonergic meds

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Muddy brown sediment is indicative of:

Actue Tubular Necrosis

Muddy Tubules

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EKG findings of high K

Peaked T waves wide QRS

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Cellular hyper excitation is due to:

low Ca

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tx for Goodpasture Disease is:

plasma exchange / electrophoresis

need to remove antibodies

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Most common genetic disease in the US

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

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Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

will also demonstrates what vascular abnormality?

aneurysm in Circle of Willis

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classic signs of hypoCalcemia:

Chvostek sign

Trousseau sign

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Chlamydia vs Gonorrhea:

Chlamydia - clear discharge

Gonorrhea - purulent discharge

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tx of hypokalemia

oral replacement

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pH>7.45

Alkalosis

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definition of hyperkalemia is:

K>5

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tx of Polycycstic Kindey Disease:

aggressive HTN tx

end stage - transplant

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Red Cell Cast in urine is:

Glomerulonephritis

red glomerulonephritis

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incoontinence/leakage due to increase abdominal pressure (sneezing, caughing, valsalva) is known as:

Stress Incotninence

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Gleason Score reffers to:

biopsy results for prostate CA

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most common Bladder CA:

Transitional Cell CA (urothelial cell CA)

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sx of low Ca are:

Muscle cramping

paresthesias

Increased reflexes

HyperExcitation

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Eosiniphils seen in urine is a signs of:

Interstitial Nephritis

Eoseniphils=Enterstitial Nephritis

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periorbital and scrotal edema

hematuria

flank pain

are sx of:

Glomerulonephritis

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Different urinary sediments:

Mudy brown = actube tubular necrosis

WBC, Eosiniophils = Interstitial nephritis

Red Cell cast = Glomerulonephritis

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hormone levels in Nonseminoma (test cancer)

extrimly elevated Beta HCG

elevated AFP

Nonseminomas

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Administration of ACE I in a pt with renal artery stenosis will results in:

abrupts increase in creatinine

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tx for Nephrotic Syndrome:

steroids for primary nephrotic syndrome low protein and salt diet Thiazide/loop and ACE-I

Tx for chlamydia:

Azithromycin

tx of hyperkalemia:

**_to stabilize the heart_** Calcium Gluconate **_to drive K back into cells_** Insulin Albuterol Sodium Bicarb Kayexalate

causes of **Hypovolemic, Hyponatremia:**

prolonged: vomitting diarrhea diruetic use Addison Disease

in **hypokalemia i**t is important to check what other electrolite

**If Mg+** low, K+ is resistant to therapy

risk factors for bladder CA:

Smoking exposure to industrial chemicals

**Radioation therapy** is usefull in which testicular CA:

**Seminomas**

**autoantibodies against basement membrane** of glomerulonephritis is known as:

**Goodpasture Syndrome**

**TNM** system reffers to:

Tumor Node Mets

Most common cause of instrinscie ARF is:

**Acute Tubular Necrosis**

tx for pyelonephritis

Quinolone Cipro

hypervolemic, hypenatremia is caused by:

Cirrhosis CHF Nephrotic Syndrome Renal Failure

tx of Acute Tubular Necrosis:

Loop Diuretics Low protein diet

hypokalemia is defined as:

**\<3.5 mild** **\<2.5 severe**

tx of UTI in pregnancy:

Nitrofurantoin

Stones that **_are NOT_** seen on x ray are:

**Uric Acid Stones** **_Uric stone = unseen_**

sx of hyponatremia (\<125)

N/V weakness/lethargy headache delirium coma

**Inflammation of renal tubules** and interstititum is known as:

**Interstitial Nephrtitis**

acidotic renal stones are known as:

**Uric Stones**

EKG findins of low Mg:

**TORSADES**

tx for bacterial prostatitis:

Bactrum Quinolones

Hyponatremia, Na value is:

Na\<135 ## Footnote **symptomatic when Na\<125**

potential renal complication of illicit drugs:

**Acute Tubular Necrosis**

cause of **hyperCalcemia:**

Hyperparathyroidism Renal Cell Ca Lung Ca

the rate of Na correction should be no more than:

**1 per liter per hour**

nephroblastoma in children is known as:

Wilm's tumor

tx of UTI in pregnancy is:

**Ceftriaxone - only!**

high **p CO₂** low **HCO₃** indicative of

Acidosis

AFP in Seminomas are

NOT elevated

low **p CO₂** high **HCO₃** indicative of

Alkolosis

**what caused low K:**

**Diarrhea (most common)** Loop diauretics, Thiazide diuretics Hyperaldeosteronism

which prostate zone obstructe urine flow in BPH?

**transitional zone** wich surrounds the urethra.

WBC cast, Eosinophils are indicative of:

**Interstitial Nephritis** **_WBC cast = Interstitial Nephritis_**

overactive bladder increased detrusor activity irritable bladder contraction are signs of:

**Urge Incontinence**

**Staghorn stones** are associated with

renal infection and alkalineurine **Staghron stone=Struvite Stones**

effect of low and high K

**low K:** Muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, ileus **high K**: Muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, ileus, impaired cardiac conduction

lab values for **Nephrotic Syndrome**

**protein \> 3.5** **Oval Fat/Lipid Bodies** in UA in the shape of **_Maltese Crosse_** Low serum albumin

most prostate CA are:

adenocarcinoma

cause of hyperkalemia:

Advance Renal Disease Addison's ACE-I Spirinolactones

EKG findings of low K

Flattened or inverted T waves on EKG

most common cause of hyperkalemia is:

Advanced Renal Disease

drugs that cause **Interstitial Nephritis:**

Penicillins Cephalosporins Sulfa NSAIDS

potential renal complication of group A step is:

Glomerulonephritis

tx for BPH

**alpha blockers** (-osin-) **5 alpha reducates inhibitors** (finasteride/dutasteride)

tx for stress incontinence is:

Kegels exercise

most testicular CA are:

Germ Cell Tumors

tx of **Diabetes Insipidus** (low ADH/Vasopressin)

**Desmopressin**

Syphilis stages:

Complicated UTI tx:

Bloodwork results for **Nephrotic Syndrome:**

Hypoalbuminemia (albumin spilled into UA) Hyperlipidemia (reactive) Hight Tryglycerides High ESR

Chemotherapy in testicular CA:

Nonseminomas: not susceptible to chemo Seminomas: amenable to chemo

antibodies to Glomerular Basement Membrane are indicative of:

Goodpasture Syndrome

**negative** P_rehn's sign_ (lifting a testicle) **negative** _Cremasteric reflex_ (stroking inside of the thigh) are indicative of:

Testicular Torsion

hypercalcemia causes increased or dicrease excitation?

hypoExcitation

Alcoholism has what impact on electrolites

**Low Mg, K,**

BPH medication tx:

Alpha Blockers ## Footnote ***-zosin-***

pH \< 7.35 is

**Acidosis**

**Euvolemic, Hoponatremia** is caused by:

SIADH (water retention) psychogenic polydipsia

most common renal stones are:

**Calcium Oxalate**

complication of severe hyponatremia is

**Central Pontine Myelinolysis=iatrogenic cerebral osmotic dmyelination** **_damage of the myelin in of the pons_**

risk factor for **renal stone formaton**:

high sodium, protein, oxalates, purines

Inlammation of the glomerulus is known as:

**Glomerulonephritis**

renal stone size limit that will not pass on its own:

**10 mm** or more

medical tx of cryptorchidism is:

hCG IM injections