Endocrine Drugs - Diabetes

Question 1

peptide hormone secreted by alpha cells in langerhan

Answer 1

glucagon

Question 2

peptide hormone secreted by betacells in langerhan

Answer 2

insulin

Question 3

peptide hormone secreted by delta cells in langerhan

Answer 3

somatostatin

Question 4

storage form of insulin

Answer 4

hexamer

Question 5

active form of insulin

Answer 5

monomer

Question 6

based on therapeutic use: short acting

Answer 6

prandial insulin
control post-prandial hyperglycemia (when you eat meals)

insulin (based on use)

Question 7

based on therapeutic use: long acting

Answer 7

basal insulin
control blood level throughout the day

insulin (based on use)

Question 8

insulin lispro

Answer 8

Humalog
ultra-rapid/short acting (30 mins)
given right before or after meal

insulin (based on duration)

Question 9

insulin aspart

Answer 9

Novolog
ultra-rapid/short acting (30 mins)
given right before or after meal

insulin (based on duration)

Question 10

insulin glulisine

Answer 10

Apidra
given right before or after meal

ultra-rapid/short acting (30 mins)
insulin (based on duration)

Question 11

regular insulin

Answer 11

only insulin given via IV
given 30 mins before meal
mgx of hyperkalemia

short acting
insulin (based on duration)

Question 12

isophane insulin

Answer 12

neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH)
given twice a day (half life= 10-18 hrs)

intermediate acting
insulin (based on duration)

Question 13

insulin glargine

Answer 13

given once a day (half life: 18-20 hrs)

long acting
insulin (based on duration)

Question 14

insulin detemir

Answer 14

given once a day (half life: 18-20 hrs)
shorted durationg among long

long acting
insulin (based on duration)

Question 15

insulin degludec

Answer 15

given once a day (half life: 18-20 hrs)
longest duration

long acting
insulin (based on duration)

Question 16

chlorpropamide

Answer 16

longest half life, most s/e

s/e: weight gain
1st gen sulfonylurea (not used anmr)
insulin secretagogues

Question 17

tolbutamide

Answer 17

fastest onset, most cardiotoxic

s/e: weight gain
1st gen sulfonylurea (not used anmr)
insulin secretagogues

Question 18

acetohexamide

Answer 18

active: hydrohexamide

s/e: weight gain
1st gen sulfonylurea (not used anmr)
insulin secretagogues

Question 19

tolazamide

Answer 19

s/e: weight gain
1st gen sulfonylurea (not used anmr)
insulin secretagogues

Question 20

glibenclamide

Answer 20

s/e: weight gain
2ng gen sulfonylurea (more potent)
insulin secretagogues

Question 21

glipizide

Answer 21

s/e: weight gain
2ng gen sulfonylurea (more potent)
insulin secretagogues

Question 22

gliclazide

Answer 22

s/e: weight gain
2ng gen sulfonylurea (more potent)
insulin secretagogues

Question 23

glimepiride

Answer 23

s/e: weight gain
2ng gen sulfonylurea (more potent)
insulin secretagogues

Question 24

repaglinide

Answer 24

control of post-prandial hyperglycemia
for px allergic to sulfonylureas

s/e: weight gain
meglitinides
insulin secretagogues

Question 25

nateglinide

Answer 25

control of post-prandial hyperglycemia
for px allergic to sulfonylureas

s/e: weight gain
meglitinides
insulin secretagogues

Question 26

phenformin

Answer 26

withdrawn for the market

dec hepatic glucose production
inc peripheral response to insulin

biguanide

Question 27

metformin

Answer 27

first line for type II DM
only drug for pre-diabetes
s/e: weight gain, risk of lactic acidosis

dec hepatic glucose production
inc peripheral response to insulin

biguanide

Question 28

acarbose

Answer 28

adr: flatulentce
CI: IBD

a-glucosidade = converts sugar to glucose

alpha-glucosidase inh

Question 29

miglitol

Answer 29

adr: flatulentce
CI: IBD

a-glucosidade = converts sugar to glucose

alpha-glucosidase inh

Question 30

pioglitazone

Answer 30

acts on PPAR gamma
inc insulin sensitivity

adr: bladder cancer
weight gain, edema = CHF

thiazolidinediones

Question 31

rosiglitazone

Answer 31

acts on PPAR gamma
inc insulin sensitivity

adr: cardiovascular
weight gain, edema = CHF

thiazolidinediones

Question 32

amylin

Answer 32

dec glucagon secretion
inc peripheral response
s/e: weight loss

amylin analogue

Question 33

pramlintide

Answer 33

dec glucagon secretion
inc peripheral response
s/e: weight loss

amylin analogue

Question 34

exenatide

Answer 34

activates glucagon-like peptide-1 = stimulates insulin release (incretin)

given SQ
s/e: weight loss

GLP1 agonist
incretin analogue

Question 35

liraglutide

Answer 35

given SQ
s/e: weight loss

GLP1 agonist
incretin analogue

Question 36

saxagliptin

Answer 36

orally
comes 2nd to metformin

dipeptidyl peptidase IV = degrades GLP1

DPP-4 inhibitor

Question 37

vildagliptin

Answer 37

orally
comes 2nd to metformin

dipeptidyl peptidase IV = degrades GLP1

DPP-4 inhibitor

Question 38

linagliptin

Answer 38

safe for renal; used in dialysis px
orally
comes 2nd to metformin

dipeptidyl peptidase IV = degrades GLP1

DPP-4 inhibitor

Question 39

dapagliflozin

Answer 39

sodium-glucose transport 2 = reabsorbs filtered glucose

s/e: UTI, weight loss

inc urinary glucose secretion
SGLT-2 inhibitor

Question 40

cut off blood sugar to dx hypoglycemia

Answer 40

70

Question 41

blood glucose monitoring

Answer 41

capillary blood glucose (CBG)

Question 42

check sugar control (glucose level for past 3 months)

Answer 42

HBA1c

Question 43

1st line for type II dm

Answer 43

metformin

Question 44

1st line for type I dm

Answer 44

insulin

Question 45

post prandial

Answer 45

alpha 1-4 amy

a glucosidase inh
glp-1 agonist
DPPP-4 inh
amylin analogues

Question 46

weight loss

Answer 46

1,2 amy

glp-1 agonist
sglt-2 inh
amylin analogues
metformin