GIT Drugs

Question 1

magnesium hydroxide

Answer 1

Mg(OH)2
fast acting, short duration
s/e: diarrhea

antacid

Question 2

aluminum hydroxide

Answer 2

Al(OH)2
fast acting, short duration
s/e: constipation

antacid

Question 3

sodium bicarbonate

Answer 3

systemic effects
s/e:
belching (CO2)
worsen htn (Na containing)
milk alkali syndrome (alkalosis)

antacid

Question 4

calcium carbonate

Answer 4

systemic effects
s/e:
belching
hypercalcemia (Ca containing)
may cause kidney stones

antacid

Question 5

cimetidine

Answer 5

1st h2s blocker
contains imidazole ring
s/e: endocrine (alopecia, impotence, irreg mens)

h2s antagonist

Question 6

famotidine

Answer 6

contains thiazole ring
h2s antagonist

Question 7

nizatidine

Answer 7

contains thiazole ring
h2s antagonist

Question 8

ranitidine

Answer 8

mostly used
contains furan ring
less se, better bioavailability

h2s antagonist

Question 9

mainstay tx & DOC for hyperacidity

Answer 9

proton pump inhibitors
irreversibly blocks PP (takes 18-24 hrs to produce new PP)

3-4 days treatment

Question 10

omeprazole

Answer 10

lowest bioavailability, cheapest

interaction w/ clopidogrel:
omep - cyp inh
clopidogrel - activated by cyp
need 2-3 hrs interval

prodrug
proton pump inhibitor

Question 11

esomeprazole

Answer 11

prodrug
proton pump inhibitor

Question 12

lansoprazole

Answer 12

highest bioavailability
prodrug
proton pump inhibitor

Question 13

pantoprazole

Answer 13

prodrug
proton pump inhibitor

Question 14

rabeprazole

Answer 14

prodrug
proton pump inhibitor

Question 15

misoprostol

Answer 15

PGE analogue
inc mucus/HCO3

CI: pregnancy

mucosal protectant

Question 16

sucralfate

Answer 16

aluminum sucrose sulfate
very short acting
ADR: constipation

mucosal protectant

Question 17

rebamipide

Answer 17

Mucosta
new gen
less se

mucosal protectant

Question 18

bismuth salts

Answer 18

reduce stool frequency and liquidity

forms:
salicylates (ASA allergy)
citrates
subcitrates

ADR: black stool, black gum & tongue
mucosal protectant

Question 19

pilocarpine

Answer 19

inc ACh
cholinergic agonist
inc gastric motility

Question 20

betanechol

Answer 20

inc ACh
cholinergic agonist
inc gastric motility

Question 21

neostigmine

Answer 21

inc ACh
cholinergic agonist
inc gastric motility

Question 22

metoclopramide

Answer 22

crosses bbb (s/e: EPS)

dec dopamine
d2 antagonist
inc gastric motility

Question 23

domperidone

Answer 23

does not cross bbb (adults)
crossess bbb (children & pregnant)
before meals

indication: antiemetic for children, post partum lactation for pregnant

dec dopamine
d2 antagonist
inc gastric motility

Question 24

erythromycin

Answer 24

macrolide; parenteral
promotes release of motilin
inc gastric motility

Question 25

methylcellulose

Answer 25

Citrucel bulk forming laxative

Question 26

psyllium

Answer 26

Metamucil bulk forming laxative

Question 27

polycarbophil

Answer 27

bulk forming laxative

Question 28

magnesium hydroxide

Answer 28

milk of magnesia causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility) osmotic laxative

Question 29

lactulose

Answer 29

causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility) saccharide osmotic laxative

Question 30

sorbitol

Answer 30

causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility) saccharide osmotic laxative

Question 31

glycerin

Answer 31

suppository causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility) osmotic laxative

Question 32

NaSO4 & KSO4

Answer 32

causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility) osmotic laxative

Question 33

NaPO4, KPO4

Answer 33

causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility) osmotic laxative

Question 34

magnesium hydroxide/citrate/sulfate

Answer 34

causes duodenal secretion of cholecystokinia (fluid sec motility) saline osmotic laxative (PO, enema)

Question 35

docusate salts

Answer 35

Colace; Modane Soft surfactant/emollient laxative or stool softener

Question 36

phenopthalein

Answer 36

Ex-Lax, Feen-a-Mint, Correctol inc peristalsis diphenylmethane derivative stimulant laxative

Question 37

bisacodyl

Answer 37

Dulcolax inc peristalsis diphenylmethane derivative stimulant laxative

Question 38

cascara sagrada

Answer 38

inc peristalsis anthraquinone derivative stimulant laxative

Question 39

sennoside

Answer 39

inc peristalsis anthraquinone derivative stimulant laxative

Question 40

casanthrol

Answer 40

inc peristalsis anthraquinone derivative stimulant laxative

Question 41

castor oil

Answer 41

active: ricinoleic acid inc peristalsis stimulant laxative

Question 42

mineral oil

Answer 42

lubricant laxative

Question 43

Al(OH)3-Mg(OH)2-simethicone

Answer 43

antiflatulent

Question 44

polyethylene glycol

Answer 44

bowel evacuant

Question 45

sodium phosphate

Answer 45

Fleet Phospho-Soda bowel evacuant

Question 46

Pentasa

Answer 46

can be used for the inflammation of whole intestine to rectum 5-ASA aminosalicylates tx of IBD (either chron's or ulcerative colitis)

Question 47

Asacol

Answer 47

5-ASA aminosalicylates tx of IBD (either chron's or ulcerative colitis)

Question 48

Lialda

Answer 48

5-ASA aminosalicylates tx of IBD (either chron's or ulcerative colitis)

Question 49

balsalazide

Answer 49

5-ASA bound by an azo (n=n) aminosalicylates tx of IBD (either chron's or ulcerative colitis)

Question 50

olsalazine

Answer 50

5-ASA bound by an azo (n=n) aminosalicylates tx of IBD (either chron's or ulcerative colitis)

Question 51

sulfasalazine

Answer 51

higher incidence of SE 5-ASA bound by an azo (n=n) aminosalicylates tx of IBD (either chron's or ulcerative colitis)