Endocrine Glands, Hormones, and Functions (5/14)

Question 1

Hypothalamus role

Answer 1

Bridge between nervous and endocrine systems

Question 2

Hypothalamus job

Answer 2

controls things such as body temperature, metabolism, fatigue, and sleep. Oversees activity of pituitary gland

Question 3

Pituitary gland anatomy

Answer 3

Contains an anterior and posterior lobe and receive information from hypothalamus

Question 4

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Answer 4

received signals from hypothalamus via hormones

Question 5

The posterior globe of the pituitary gland

Answer 5

receives signals from the hypothalamus via neuronal signals

Question 6

The connection between the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the hypothalamus

Answer 6

the hypophyseal portal system

Question 7

Tropic hormones

Answer 7

Hormones that act on other endocrine glands

Question 8

Tropic hormones naming

Answer 8

something-releasing and then something-stimulating

then something

Question 9

Example of thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 9

TRH gets released from the hypothalamus and signals the anterior pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone for the thyroid gland to release T3 and T4

Question 10

GnRH

Answer 10

released from hypothalamus for LH and FSH to be released from anterior pituitary lobe
FSH: maturation of ovary and release of testosterone
LH: promotes spermatogenesis or estrogen

Question 11

CRH

Answer 11

ACTH gets released from anterior pituitary and goes to adrenal glands to release corticosteroids to control stress and circadian rhythms

Question 12

GHRH

Answer 12

GH in times of stress and is involved in blood glucose (gets released from anterior pituitary)

Question 13

Prolactin

Answer 13

released from AP and acts on mammary glands

Question 14

Endorphins

Answer 14

released from AP and reduced perception of pain

Question 15

Similarities between AP and PP

Answer 15

Secrete peptide hormones and receive hypothalamic input

Question 16

Posterior pituitary

Answer 16

bundle of neuromal axons

hormones are made in hypothalamus and goes to PP and when stimulation comes, it gets released from PP

Question 17

Oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin)

Answer 17

ADH- released when dehydrated

Oxytocin- labor contraction, lactation, and social bonding

Question 18

Thyroid

Answer 18

anterior on trachea, right below adam’s apple

secretes T3 and T4

Question 19

Parathyroid glands

Answer 19

4 small glands located on the posterior side of the thyroid

release PTH- increase calcium circular levels

Question 20

Adrenal glands

Answer 20

sits on top of kidney
medulla- surrounded by cortex
Cortex releases corticosteroids

Question 21

What are the classes of corticosteroids that the cortex of the adrenal glands release?

Answer 21

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Sex hormones 
(sugar, salt, and sex) 
Released by ATCH from anterior pituitary gland

Question 22

Cortisol (Glucocorticoids)

Answer 22

Released from the adrenal cortex in response to stress and low blood pressure. Increases blood glucose levels and suppressing inflammatory immune responses

Question 23

Adrenal medulla

Answer 23

produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

belong to a larger group of hormones called catecholamines

Question 24

Pancreas

Answer 24

Alpha cells
Beta cells
Detla cells

Question 25

Alpha cells

Answer 25

Glucagon

Question 26

Beta cells

Answer 26

Insulin

Question 27

Delta cells

Answer 27

Somatostatin

Question 28

Pineal gland

Answer 28

secretes melatonin to regulate sleep cycles and wakefulness

Question 29

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer 29

released in response to high blood volume to regulate fluid balance

Question 30

Thymus

Answer 30

Thymosin- helps T-cells development and mature

Question 31

Digestive system

Answer 31

Gastrin, CCK, and secretin

Question 32

Blood glucose levels

Answer 32

insulin and glucagon Cortisol- increases blood glucose in fasted state Epinephrine- raises blood glucose (flight or fight) GH- increase blood glucose when stressed

Question 33

Calcium regulation

Answer 33

PTH- secreted by parathyroid gland to raise Calcitonin- released by thyroid gland to lower Vitamin D- promotes absorption

Question 34

Fluid balance

Answer 34

too little: high blood osmolality Aldosterone- works with RASS and renin releases angiotensin I and gets converted to II and stimulates aldosterone release ADH aka vasopressin

Question 35

RAAS dysregulation

Answer 35

can cause a dangerous rise in blood pressure

Question 36

ANP

Answer 36

produced by the heart and released to high blood pressure and decrease sodium absorption (lowers blood pressure for fluid loss)

Question 37

Acute stress

Answer 37

fight or flight epinephrine and norepinephrine called catecholamines increase blood glucose levels

Question 38

Chronic stress

Answer 38

repeated exposure to stressful situations cortisol increases blood glucose levels suppresses inflammation

Question 39

Metabolic rate

Answer 39

T3 and T4

Question 40

Hypothyroidism

Answer 40

insufficient T3 and T3 | fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, depressed heart and respiratory rates

Question 41

Sexual development: female

Answer 41

LH: ovaries produce estrogen FSH: